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Coordinate Geometry - The y-intercept-advanced

Grade 9CBSE

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

🔑Concepts

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The yy-intercept of a line is the point where the graph of the line intersects the yy-axis. At this point, the xx-coordinate is always 00. For a line represented by the equation y=mx+cy = mx + c, the yy-intercept is cc and the coordinate is (0,c)(0, c).

A graph showing a straight line intersecting the y-axis at the point (0, 3).
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For the general linear equation ax+by+c=0ax + by + c = 0, the yy-intercept can be found by setting x=0x = 0 and solving for yy. This results in by+c=0by + c = 0, or y=−cby = -\frac{c}{b}.

Graph of ax + by + c = 0 highlighting the vertical intercept.
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If two lines have the same yy-intercept, they intersect at the same point on the yy-axis. This common point is (0,c)(0, c) if both lines are expressed in the form y=m1x+cy = m_1x + c and y=m2x+cy = m_2x + c.

Two intersecting lines with different slopes but sharing the same y-intercept at (0, -2).
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The distance from the origin (0,0)(0,0) to the yy-intercept (0,c)(0,c) is given by ∣c∣|c|. This represents the vertical displacement of the line from the origin at x=0x=0.

Diagram showing the vertical distance between the origin and the y-intercept.

📐Formulae

y=mx+cy = mx + c

At y-intercept, x=0\text{At } y\text{-intercept, } x = 0

If ax+by+c=0, then y-intercept =−cb\text{If } ax + by + c = 0, \text{ then } y\text{-intercept } = -\frac{c}{b}

Coordinate of y-intercept=(0,c)\text{Coordinate of } y\text{-intercept} = (0, c)

💡Examples

Problem 1:

Find the yy-intercept of the line given by the equation 3x−5y+15=03x - 5y + 15 = 0. Express the answer as a coordinate.

Solution:

Given equation: 3x−5y+15=03x - 5y + 15 = 0. To find the yy-intercept, we set x=0x = 0: 3(0)−5y+15=03(0) - 5y + 15 = 0 −5y+15=0-5y + 15 = 0 −5y=−15-5y = -15 y=−15−5y = \frac{-15}{-5} y=3y = 3 Therefore, the yy-intercept is (0,3)(0, 3).

Explanation:

At the yy-intercept, the value of xx is zero. By substituting x=0x=0 into the linear equation, we isolate the yy variable to find its specific value on the yy-axis.

Problem 2:

A line passes through the points A(2,5)A(2, 5) and B(4,9)B(4, 9). Determine the yy-intercept of this line.

Solution:

Step 1: Find the slope (mm) using the formula m=y2−y1x2−x1m = \frac{y_2 - y_1}{x_2 - x_1}: m=9−54−2=42=2m = \frac{9 - 5}{4 - 2} = \frac{4}{2} = 2 Step 2: Use the slope-intercept form y=mx+cy = mx + c and substitute point A(2,5)A(2, 5): 5=2(2)+c5 = 2(2) + c 5=4+c5 = 4 + c c=5−4c = 5 - 4 c=1c = 1 The yy-intercept is 11, or the point (0,1)(0, 1).

Explanation:

First, the slope is calculated. Then, using one of the given points and the slope, we solve for the constant cc in y=mx+cy=mx+c, which represents the yy-intercept.

Problem 3:

Find the area of the triangle formed by the line 4x+3y=244x + 3y = 24 and the coordinate axes.

Solution:

Step 1: Find the xx-intercept (set y=0y = 0): 4x+3(0)=24  ⟹  4x=24  ⟹  x=64x + 3(0) = 24 \implies 4x = 24 \implies x = 6 The xx-intercept is at A(6,0)A(6, 0). Step 2: Find the yy-intercept (set x=0x = 0): 4(0)+3y=24  ⟹  3y=24  ⟹  y=84(0) + 3y = 24 \implies 3y = 24 \implies y = 8 The yy-intercept is at B(0,8)B(0, 8). Step 3: Calculate area of triangle OABOAB where OO is (0,0)(0, 0): Area=12×base×height\text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} \times \text{base} \times \text{height} Area=12×6×8\text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} \times 6 \times 8 Area=24 sq. units\text{Area} = 24 \text{ sq. units}

Explanation:

The xx and yy intercepts provide the base and height of the right-angled triangle formed with the origin. The yy-intercept provides the vertical height from the origin.

Problem 4:

Identify the yy-intercept and the slope of the line shown in the graph, given it passes through (0,−4)(0, -4) and (2,0)(2, 0).

A line crossing the y-axis at -4 and the x-axis at 2.

Solution:

  1. From the graph, the line crosses the yy-axis at the point (0,−4)(0, -4). Therefore, the yy-intercept is −4-4.
  2. To find the slope (mm), use the formula m=y2−y1x2−x1m = \frac{y_2 - y_1}{x_2 - x_1} with points (0,−4)(0, -4) and (2,0)(2, 0).
  3. m=0−(−4)2−0=42=2m = \frac{0 - (-4)}{2 - 0} = \frac{4}{2} = 2.
  4. Thus, the yy-intercept is −4-4 and the slope is 22.

Explanation:

The yy-intercept is the yy-coordinate where x=0x=0. Visually, this is the point where the line 'hits' the vertical axis.

Problem 5:

A line has a yy-intercept of 55 and is parallel to the line y=−3x+10y = -3x + 10. Write the equation of this line and sketch it.

A line with a negative slope of -3 passing through the y-intercept at 5.

Solution:

  1. Parallel lines have equal slopes. The slope of y=−3x+10y = -3x + 10 is −3-3.
  2. The given yy-intercept is 55, so c=5c = 5.
  3. Using the slope-intercept form y=mx+cy = mx + c, the equation is y=−3x+5y = -3x + 5.
  4. The line passes through (0,5)(0, 5) and has a downward slope.

Explanation:

Since the lines are parallel, we inherit the slope. The yy-intercept provides the specific vertical starting point for our new line.