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The Amazing World of Solutes, Solvents, and Solutions - What Are Solute, Solvent, and Solution?

Grade 8CBSE

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

🔑Concepts

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A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. It consists of particles smaller than 1 nm1\text{ nm} in diameter, which cannot be seen by the naked eye.

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The Solute is the component of the solution that is dissolved in the solvent. It is usually present in a smaller quantity (e.g., salt in a salt-water solution).

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The Solvent is the component of the solution that dissolves the other component. It is usually present in a larger quantity (e.g., water in a salt-water solution). Water is known as the 'Universal Solvent'.

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A Saturated Solution is a solution in which no more solute can be dissolved at a specific temperature.

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An Unsaturated Solution is a solution where more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature.

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Solubility is the maximum amount of a solute that can be dissolved in 100 g100\text{ g} of a solvent at a specific temperature.

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The Concentration of a solution is the amount of solute present in a given amount (mass or volume) of solution or solvent.

📐Formulae

Mass of Solution=Mass of Solute+Mass of Solvent\text{Mass of Solution} = \text{Mass of Solute} + \text{Mass of Solvent}

Mass by Mass Percentage=(Mass of SoluteMass of Solution)×100\text{Mass by Mass Percentage} = \left( \frac{\text{Mass of Solute}}{\text{Mass of Solution}} \right) \times 100

Mass by Volume Percentage=(Mass of SoluteVolume of Solution)×100\text{Mass by Volume Percentage} = \left( \frac{\text{Mass of Solute}}{\text{Volume of Solution}} \right) \times 100

Volume by Volume Percentage=(Volume of SoluteVolume of Solution)×100\text{Volume by Volume Percentage} = \left( \frac{\text{Volume of Solute}}{\text{Volume of Solution}} \right) \times 100

💡Examples

Problem 1:

A solution contains 40 g40\text{ g} of common salt in 320 g320\text{ g} of water. Calculate the concentration in terms of mass by mass percentage of the solution.

Solution:

  1. Mass of solute (salt) = 40 g40\text{ g}
  2. Mass of solvent (water) = 320 g320\text{ g}
  3. Mass of solution is calculated as: 40+320360\begin{array}{r} 40 \\ + 320 \\ \hline 360 \end{array} So, Mass of solution = 360 g360\text{ g}
  4. Concentration = 40360×100\frac{40}{360} \times 100
  5. Concentration ≈11.1%\approx 11.1\%

Explanation:

First, we find the total mass of the solution by adding the mass of the solute and the solvent. Then, we apply the mass by mass percentage formula: mass of solutemass of solution×100\frac{\text{mass of solute}}{\text{mass of solution}} \times 100.

Problem 2:

If 20 mL20\text{ mL} of alcohol is mixed with 80 mL80\text{ mL} of water, what is the volume by volume percentage of the solution?

Solution:

  1. Volume of solute (alcohol) = 20 mL20\text{ mL}
  2. Volume of solvent (water) = 80 mL80\text{ mL}
  3. Total Volume of solution = 20 mL+80 mL=100 mL20\text{ mL} + 80\text{ mL} = 100\text{ mL}
  4. Volume Percentage = (20100)×100=20%\left( \frac{20}{100} \right) \times 100 = 20\%

Explanation:

Since both components are liquids, we use the volume by volume formula. The total volume of the solution is the sum of the volumes of alcohol and water.