Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.
🔑Concepts
A Solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. It consists of particles smaller than in diameter, which cannot be seen by the naked eye.
The Solute is the component of the solution that is dissolved in the solvent and is usually present in a lesser quantity.
The Solvent is the component of the solution that dissolves the other component and is usually present in a larger quantity.
Water () is often referred to as the 'Universal Solvent' because it can dissolve a wide variety of substances.
In a gaseous solution like Air, Nitrogen () is the solvent (approx. ) and Oxygen () and other gases act as solutes.
Alloys are homogeneous mixtures of metals (or a metal and a non-metal) that cannot be separated into their components by physical methods. For example, Brass is a mixture of approximately Zinc () and Copper ().
A Saturated Solution is one in which no more solute can be dissolved at a specific temperature.
Solubility is the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature.
📐Formulae
💡Examples
Problem 1:
Identify the solute and solvent in a solution of 'Tincture of Iodine'.
Solution:
Solute: Iodine (); Solvent: Alcohol (Ethanol).
Explanation:
In Tincture of Iodine, solid iodine is dissolved in liquid alcohol. Since iodine is the substance being dissolved and is present in a smaller amount, it is the solute.
Problem 2:
A solution contains of common salt () in of water (). Calculate the concentration in terms of mass by mass percentage of the solution.
Solution:
Mass percentage =
Explanation:
Mass of solute () = . Mass of solvent () = . Total mass of solution = . Using the formula: .
Problem 3:
Identify the solute and solvent in aerated drinks like soda water.
Solution:
Solute: Carbon dioxide (); Solvent: Water ().
Explanation:
Soda water contains gas dissolved in a liquid. The gas () is the solute and the liquid () is the solvent.