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Health: The Ultimate Treasure - How Do We Know That We Are Unwell?

Grade 8CBSE

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

🔑Concepts

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Health is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

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Being 'Disease-free' is not the same as being 'Healthy'. A person is disease-free if they have no discomfort, but health involves the functional efficiency of the body, mind, and social interactions.

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Symptoms are the subjective indications of a disease that a patient feels, such as a headache, cough, or loose motions. They indicate that something is wrong but do not pinpoint the exact cause.

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Signs of a disease are objective evidences that provide information about the presence of a particular disease. Doctors look for signs (like swelling, rashes, or blood pressure readings) to make a diagnosis.

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Acute Diseases: These are diseases that last for only a very short period of time and do not cause long-term bad effects on health. Examples: Common cold, flu.

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Chronic Diseases: These are long-term diseases that can last for a lifetime and cause drastic long-term effects on health. Examples: DiabetesDiabetes, TuberculosisTuberculosis, and ElephantiasisElephantiasis.

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Infectious (Communicable) Diseases: Caused by microbes or pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. They spread from an infected person to a healthy person.

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Non-infectious (Non-communicable) Diseases: Caused by internal factors like genetic abnormalities (e.g., CancerCancer), nutritional deficiencies, or lifestyle choices.

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Immediate causes of disease are primary agents like microbes, while contributory causes are secondary factors like lack of clean water, poor nourishment, or genetic predisposition.

📐Formulae

Body Mass Index (BMI)=Mass in kg(Height in m)2Body\ Mass\ Index\ (BMI) = \frac{\text{Mass in kg}}{(\text{Height in m})^2}

Recovery Period=trecovery−tonset\text{Recovery Period} = t_{\text{recovery}} - t_{\text{onset}}

Blood Pressure (Normal)=12080 mmHg\text{Blood Pressure (Normal)} = \frac{120}{80}\ mmHg

💡Examples

Problem 1:

A person has a body mass of 80 kg80\ kg and a height of 2 m2\ m. Calculate their BMIBMI and determine if it falls within the healthy range (Healthy BMIBMI range is 18.518.5 to 24.924.9).

Solution:

Given: Mass=80 kgMass = 80\ kg, Height=2 mHeight = 2\ m. Using the formula: BMI=8022=804=20BMI = \frac{80}{2^2} = \frac{80}{4} = 20

Explanation:

Since 2020 falls within the range of 18.518.5 to 24.924.9, the person has a healthy BMIBMI.

Problem 2:

A patient tracks their weight loss over two months to check for signs of chronic illness. If they started at 95 kg95\ kg and are now 82 kg82\ kg, calculate the total weight lost.

Solution:

95−8213\begin{array}{r} 95 \\ - 82 \\ \hline 13 \end{array} The total weight loss is 13 kg13\ kg.

Explanation:

Significant unexplained weight loss can be a clinical sign of underlying chronic conditions like HyperthyroidismHyperthyroidism or DiabetesDiabetes.

Problem 3:

Identify whether the following are symptoms or signs: (a) A patient reporting a 'splitting headache', (b) A doctor measuring a body temperature of 102∘F102^{\circ}F.

Solution:

(a) Symptom, (b) Sign.

Explanation:

A headache is a subjective feeling reported by the patient (Symptom), whereas a temperature reading is an objective measurement taken using a tool (Sign).