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Health: The Ultimate Treasure - Diseases: What Are the Causes and Types?

Grade 8CBSE

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

🔑Concepts

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Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and it is not just the absence of disease or infirmity.

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A disease is a condition that impairs the normal functioning of the body or its parts. It can be classified based on duration into Acute and Chronic diseases.

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Acute Diseases: These last for very short periods of time and do not cause long-term ill effects on health (e.g., common cold, cough).

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Chronic Diseases: These last for a long time, sometimes even for a lifetime, and cause drastic long-term effects on health (e.g., Diabetes, Elephantiasis, Tuberculosis).

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Infectious (Communicable) Diseases: Caused by microbes or pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. They spread through air, water, food, physical contact, or vectors (e.g., Malaria, COVID-19, Cholera).

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Non-infectious (Non-communicable) Diseases: These are not caused by infectious agents. They are usually caused by internal factors like genetic abnormalities, lack of a balanced diet (nutritional deficiency), or lifestyle choices (e.g., Cancer, Scurvy, High Blood Pressure).

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Vectors: Organisms like mosquitoes (e.g., female Anopheles mosquito for malaria) and houseflies that carry pathogens from an infected person to a healthy person without getting the disease themselves.

📐Formulae

Body Mass Index (BMI)=Weight (kg)[Height (m)]2\text{Body Mass Index (BMI)} = \frac{\text{Weight (kg)}}{[\text{Height (m)}]^2}

Nutrient Intake Deficiency=Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA)−Actual Intake\text{Nutrient Intake Deficiency} = \text{Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA)} - \text{Actual Intake}

💡Examples

Problem 1:

A person has a body mass of 7272 kg and a height of 1.61.6 m. Calculate their BMI to assess their health status.

Solution:

Using the formula: BMI=72(1.6)2\text{BMI} = \frac{72}{(1.6)^2} BMI=722.56=28.125\text{BMI} = \frac{72}{2.56} = 28.125

Explanation:

The BMI of the person is 28.125 kg/m228.125 \text{ kg/m}^2. Since a healthy BMI range is typically 18.518.5 to 24.924.9, this person would be classified as overweight.

Problem 2:

A patient suffering from a chronic illness recorded a weight of 8282 kg in June. After three months of treatment, their weight was 7474 kg. Calculate the total weight loss using vertical subtraction.

Solution:

82−748\begin{array}{r} 82 \\ - 74 \\ \hline 8 \end{array}

Explanation:

By subtracting the final weight from the initial weight, we find the patient lost 88 kg during the treatment period.

Problem 3:

Identify the type of disease: A student recovers from a sore throat in 44 days, while another person has been managing high blood sugar levels for 1010 years.

Solution:

Sore throat is an Acute Disease; High blood sugar (Diabetes) is a Chronic Disease.

Explanation:

Acute diseases have a rapid onset and short duration, whereas chronic diseases persist for a long period (>3>3 months or years).