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Health: The Ultimate Treasure - How are non-communicable diseases caused?

Grade 8CBSE

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

🔑Concepts

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Definition of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs): These are diseases that are not spread from person to person through pathogens. They are often long-lasting and result from genetic, environmental, or lifestyle factors.

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Nutritional Deficiency Diseases: These are caused by a lack of essential nutrients. For example, Anemia is caused by a deficiency of Iron (FeFe), and Goitre is caused by a deficiency of Iodine (II).

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Lifestyle Factors: High intake of trans-fats, excess sodium (Na+Na^+), and refined sugars like Glucose (C6H12O6C_6H_{12}O_6) combined with lack of physical activity lead to obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.

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Cardiovascular Diseases: Conditions like Hypertension occur when the blood pressure against the artery walls is consistently too high, often defined as a reading exceeding 14090 mmHg\frac{140}{90} \text{ mmHg}.

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Body Mass Index (BMI): A value derived from the mass and height of a person, used to screen for weight categories that may lead to health problems. A healthy BMI typically ranges between 18.518.5 and 24.924.9.

📐Formulae

BMI=Weight (kg)[Height (m)]2BMI = \frac{\text{Weight (kg)}}{[\text{Height (m)}]^2}

Pulse Pressure=Systolic Pressure−Diastolic Pressure\text{Pulse Pressure} = \text{Systolic Pressure} - \text{Diastolic Pressure}

Total Energy Intake=Proteins+Carbohydrates+Fats\text{Total Energy Intake} = \text{Proteins} + \text{Carbohydrates} + \text{Fats}

💡Examples

Problem 1:

Calculate the BMI of a person who weighs 80 kg80\text{ kg} and has a height of 1.6 m1.6\text{ m}. Determine if they are in the overweight category (Overweight is BMI ≥25\ge 25).

Solution:

Using the formula: BMI=80(1.6)2BMI = \frac{80}{(1.6)^2} BMI=802.56BMI = \frac{80}{2.56} BMI=31.25BMI = 31.25

Explanation:

Since the calculated BMIBMI of 31.2531.25 is greater than 2525, the person is classified as overweight (specifically in the obese category).

Problem 2:

A patient's blood pressure was recorded as 155/95 mmHg155/95 \text{ mmHg}. Calculate the difference between their systolic pressure and the normal systolic pressure of 120 mmHg120 \text{ mmHg} using vertical subtraction.

Solution:

155−12035\begin{array}{r} 155 \\ - 120 \\ \hline 35 \end{array}

Explanation:

The patient's systolic pressure is 35 mmHg35 \text{ mmHg} above the normal range, indicating Stage 1 or Stage 2 Hypertension.

Problem 3:

Identify the deficiency disease: A child has bowed legs and weak bones. The doctor suggests more exposure to sunlight and a diet rich in Vitamin DD and Calcium (Ca2+Ca^{2+}).

Solution:

The disease is Rickets.

Explanation:

Rickets is a non-communicable deficiency disease caused by a lack of Vitamin DD, which is essential for the absorption of Calcium into the bones.