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Geometry - 2D Shapes and their Properties

Grade 3ICSE

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

🔑Concepts

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A Square is a closed 2D shape with four equal sides and four corners. All its sides are the same length.

A square with four equal sides labeled
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A Rectangle has four sides and four corners. Its opposite sides are equal in length. The longer side is the length and the shorter side is the breadth.

A rectangle showing length and breadth
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A Triangle is a 2D shape with three sides and three corners (vertices).

A triangle showing sides and a vertex
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A Circle is a perfectly round shape with no corners or straight sides. Every point on its boundary is at the same distance from its center.

A circle with its center point indicated

📐Formulae

Perimeter of a Square=4×side\text{Perimeter of a Square} = 4 \times \text{side}

Perimeter of a Rectangle=2×(length+breadth)\text{Perimeter of a Rectangle} = 2 \times (\text{length} + \text{breadth})

Perimeter of a Triangle=Side1+Side2+Side3\text{Perimeter of a Triangle} = \text{Side}_1 + \text{Side}_2 + \text{Side}_3

Total Sides of a Quadrilateral=4\text{Total Sides of a Quadrilateral} = 4

💡Examples

Problem 1:

Find the perimeter of a rectangle whose length is 10 cm10 \text{ cm} and breadth is 6 cm6 \text{ cm}.

Solution:

Step 1: Identify the given values: length=10 cm\text{length} = 10 \text{ cm} and breadth=6 cm\text{breadth} = 6 \text{ cm}. Step 2: Use the formula: Perimeter=2×(length+breadth)\text{Perimeter} = 2 \times (\text{length} + \text{breadth}). Step 3: Substitute the values: 2×(10+6)2 \times (10 + 6). Step 4: Add the numbers inside the brackets: 2×162 \times 16. Step 5: Multiply the numbers: 2×16=322 \times 16 = 32. Final Answer: The perimeter is 32 cm32 \text{ cm}.

Explanation:

To find the perimeter of a rectangle, we add the length and breadth together and then double the result because there are two lengths and two breadths in every rectangle.

Problem 2:

A square garden has a side of 8 m8 \text{ m}. Calculate the total length of the fence needed to cover its boundary.

Solution:

Step 1: Identify that the length of the fence is the same as the perimeter of the square. Step 2: Use the formula: Perimeter=4×side\text{Perimeter} = 4 \times \text{side}. Step 3: Substitute the value of the side: 4×84 \times 8. Step 4: Calculate the product: 4×8=324 \times 8 = 32. Final Answer: The total length of the fence needed is 32 m32 \text{ m}.

Explanation:

Since all four sides of a square are equal, the total boundary (perimeter) is found by multiplying the length of one side by 44.

Problem 3:

Calculate the perimeter of a triangle whose sides measure 5 cm5 \text{ cm}, 7 cm7 \text{ cm}, and 9 cm9 \text{ cm}.

A triangle with sides 5cm, 7cm, and 9cm

Solution:

Perimeter of Triangle = Side1+Side2+Side3\text{Side}_1 + \text{Side}_2 + \text{Side}_3

57+921\begin{array}{r} 5 \\ 7 \\ + 9 \\ \hline 21 \end{array}

Perimeter = 21 cm21 \text{ cm}

Explanation:

To find the perimeter of a triangle, we add the lengths of all its three sides together.

Problem 4:

Find the length of the boundary of a square photo frame if one of its sides is 12 cm12 \text{ cm}.

A square with side 12cm

Solution:

Boundary of a square (Perimeter) = 4×side4 \times \text{side} Perimeter = 4×12 cm4 \times 12 \text{ cm} Perimeter = 48 cm48 \text{ cm}

Explanation:

Since all four sides of a square are equal, we multiply the length of one side by 4 to get the total boundary length.