Life Processes in Plants

Human

Cuscuta

Mango tree

Mushroom

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Carbon dioxide

Hydrogen

$CO_2 + Water + Light \rightarrow Carbohydrate + Oxygen$

$Oxygen + Water + Light \rightarrow CO_2 + Carbohydrate$

$CO_2 + Oxygen + Light \rightarrow Water + Carbohydrate$

$Carbohydrate + Oxygen \rightarrow CO_2 + Water + Light$

Hydrogen

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Helium

Cuscuta

Pitcher plant

Venus flytrap

Mushroom

Potassium

Phosphorus

Nitrogen

Iron

Flower petals

Stomata

Roots

Buds

$KOH$ absorbs all the moisture required

$KOH$ absorbs the Carbon Dioxide necessary for photosynthesis

$KOH$ releases toxic fumes that kill the plant

$KOH$ blocks the sunlight from reaching the leaves

Movement of water from a region of low concentration to high concentration through a membrane

Movement of water from a region of high water concentration to low water concentration through a semi-permeable membrane

Movement of minerals against the concentration gradient using energy

The evaporation of water from the surface of the root hairs

To soften the leaf

To remove chlorophyll and decolorize the leaf

To activate the starch molecules

To kill the leaf cells so iodine can enter

Sand

Fertilizers and Manures

Plastic

Glass

The root

The leaf

The flower

The branch

The plant dies

The soil is enriched with nitrogen

The plant becomes yellow

The bacteria eat the plant's food

Electrical

Mechanical

Chemical

Sound

Blue-black color

No color change to blue-black

Yellow color

Purple color

Prepare their own food

Depend on other organisms for food

Only eat insects

Live in water only

Glucose

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Water

The leaf would grow faster due to warmth.

Photosynthesis would stop as $CO_{2}$ cannot enter through blocked stomata.

The leaf would absorb more water.

Chlorophyll would increase in the leaf.

They do not perform photosynthesis; they are saprotrophs.

They perform photosynthesis through their green fleshy stems.

They absorb food from the sand.

They only perform photosynthesis during the night.

Green and Yellow

Blue and Red

Violet and Orange

Green and Blue

Lamina

Tip

Vein

Petiole

It will grow faster

It will stay green

It will turn yellow/pale and may die

It will produce more food

Petiole

Midrib

Lamina

Stem

Lower surface

Upper surface

Veins

Petiole

Roots

Stems

Leaves

Fruits

Attract insects

Reduce water loss

Absorb sunlight

Store starch

An autotroph

A saprotroph

A parasite

A carnivore

It will grow faster

It will turn dark green

It will wilt and die because gas exchange and transpiration are blocked

It will produce more starch

Absorbed from the air through stomata

Produced by the leaf during respiration

Transported from the roots via the xylem

Absorbed through the waxy cuticle

It provides the carbon needed for glucose

It acts as a catalyst for the iodine test

It provides the energy required to split water molecules and excite electrons

It warms the leaf to prevent freezing

Nitrogen and Oxygen

Oxygen and Carbon dioxide

Hydrogen and Helium

Carbon dioxide and Nitrogen

There is no air

There is no sunlight

There is no water

The plant is sleeping

Light intensity

Water availability

Color of the flower

Temperature

Starch

Glucose

Protein

Fat

Take in $CO_2$ and release $O_2$

Take in $O_2$ and release $CO_2$ (Respiration)

Do not exchange any gases with the air

Prepare food using moon light

Dust provides too many minerals

Dust blocks the stomata, preventing $CO_2$ entry

Dust increases the temperature of the leaf

Dust reflects all the oxygen

Oxygen

Carbon dioxide

Nitrogen

Hydrogen

The plant will take in more $CO_2$ to compensate for low light.

The plant will take in less $CO_2$ because the 'Light Reaction' cannot provide enough energy to process it.

The plant will start taking in $N_2$ instead of $CO_2$.

The plant will stop taking in any air.

Low light intensities.

Very low $CO_2$ concentrations and high temperatures.

Excessive rainfall.

Lack of nitrogen in the air.

Higher $CO_2$ inside the leaf than outside.

Lower $CO_2$ inside the leaf than outside due to its consumption in the chloroplast.

Equal $CO_2$ concentration inside and outside.

No gradient exists; $CO_2$ is pumped in by the roots.

Mechanical

Chemical

Nuclear

Sound

Nitrogen

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Helium

Carbon dioxide

Sugar

Nitrogen

Calcium

Better

Unchanged

Impossible

Easier

Sunlight is the only factor required for a leaf to produce starch.

Chlorophyll is an essential requirement for photosynthesis to take place.

White patches of a leaf store more nutrients than the green patches.

Iodine solution reacts with all parts of the leaf to produce sugar.

Food and Oxygen

Water and Soil

Carbon dioxide and Heat

Nitrogen and Minerals

Glucose

Starch

Proteins

Fats

Nucleus

Mitochondria

Thylakoids within the Chloroplast

Cell Wall

It is immediately evaporated through the stomata.

It is converted into insoluble starch and stored in leaves or other organs.

It is converted into water and released through the roots.

It is turned into minerals to strengthen the stem.

Lowered levels of oxygen in the greenhouse.

Controlled higher concentrations of carbon dioxide and optimal temperature.

Protection from all types of wind and rain.

The absence of soil microbes in greenhouse pots.

Phototropism

Photosynthesis

Photolysis

Photorespiration

Rectangular

Round

Kidney-shaped

Triangular

Transpiration

Respiration

Photosynthesis

Germination

Iodine solution

Salt solution

Sugar solution

Vinegar

50-60%

20-30%

1-2%

80-90%

Plants exchange gases through stomata

Respiration in plants occurs only at night

Gases move by diffusion

Oxygen is a byproduct of photosynthesis

Inverse relationship

Direct relationship

No relationship

Exponential relationship only at night

They allow $CO_2$ in for photosynthesis and $H_2O$ out for transpiration.

They allow $O_2$ in for photosynthesis and $CO_2$ out for respiration.

They absorb water from the air and release sugar through the pores.

They are used for both gas exchange and the absorption of sunlight.

The stomata will open wider to catch the remaining light.

The stomata will likely close, and the net exchange of $CO_2$ will shift from intake to release.

The plant will start absorbing $O_2$ and releasing $N_2$.

No change will occur because the temperature remains constant.

To provide a path for $CO_2$ to enter the palisade cells.

To act as a barrier that prevents uncontrolled water loss and gas exchange across the leaf surface.

To absorb sunlight and convert it into heat.

To trap oxygen for use during the night.

It is stored in the fruit

It is lost through transpiration

It is converted into food

It is turned into soil

Respiration

Digestion

Transpiration

Translocation

Xylem

Phloem

Pith

Cortex

Cohesion between water molecules

Air bubbles

Low pressure

Gravity

It will increase the length of its root hairs to reach deeper soil water.

It will close its stomata to reduce the rate of Process Y.

It will reverse the flow of the xylem to pull moisture from the air into the stem.

It will speed up the transport of sugar through the phloem to strengthen the leaves.

Descent of sap

Ascent of sap

Translocation of food

Photosynthetic flow

Glucose

Starch

Sucrose

Cellulose

The movement of water from a region of higher water concentration to lower water concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.

The movement of minerals from the soil into the root through a semi-permeable membrane.

The movement of water from the air into the leaves through the stomata.

The movement of sugar from the phloem into the xylem through a cell wall.

Xylem Parenchyma

Xylem Vessels

Tracheids

Xylem Fibers

The rate of transpiration exceeds the rate of water absorption by the roots.

The roots stop working when the soil temperature exceeds $30^{\circ}C$.

The xylem vessels expand and become too wide to pull water up.

Photosynthesis stops, so there is no energy to pull the water up.

Stored in the fruit

Used for making sugar

Lost through transpiration

Turned into soil

Muscles

Transpiration and root pressure

Walking

Heartbeat

Respiration

Photosynthesis

Sleeping

Support

Closes

Opens

Disappears

Shrinks

On the upper surface of the leaf

On the lower surface of the leaf

On the stem

On the flower petals

It happens very slowly

It does not require metabolic energy (ATP) from the plant

It only happens in the presence of light

It only happens in dead plants

The plant cannot perform photosynthesis

The plant cannot absorb water from the soil

The plant cannot breathe

The plant cannot store food

Higher; Lower

Lower; Higher

Equal; Equal

Negative; Positive

They carry water in the xylem

They are dead cells that provide support

They provide metabolic support and energy to the sieve tube elements in the phloem

They are found in the root hair to absorb minerals

It helps the plant to get rid of excess oxygen

It creates a cooling effect and maintains the flow of minerals from soil to leaves

It prevents the plant from getting too tall

It attracts insects for pollination

Nutrition

Water

Oxygen

Light

Xylem vessels

Sieve tubes

Tracheids

Root hairs

Stem

Root

Leaf

Flower

Flowering

Fruit development

Root growth

All of the above

Wood

Bark

Leaf

Pipe

The plant would wilt due to lack of water

The leaves would starve due to lack of minerals

The roots would starve because they cannot get food from leaves

The plant would grow faster

Xylem vessels

Sieve tubes

Tracheids

Guard cells

They are holes in the leaf for gas exchange.

They are channels that connect the cytoplasm of companion cells and sieve tubes.

They are the thick walls that prevent water loss.

They are the roots' way of grabbing minerals.

It speeds up the process because there is more room.

It slows down the translocation rate because the pressure gradient is reduced.

It has no effect on the movement of sap.

It causes the roots to stop absorbing water.

Xylem vessels

Phloem fibres

Vascular rays (Parenchyma)

Epidermis

Yes, they only respire at night

No, they respire all the time

Yes, they only respire in winter

No, they never respire

Water only

Air to respire

Compactness to grow

Darkness

Oxygen

Carbon dioxide

Nitrogen

Water vapor

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Cell wall

Vacuole

Respiration occurs at high temperatures, combustion at low.

Respiration is a controlled biological process; combustion is an uncontrolled chemical process.

Combustion produces energy; respiration does not.

Respiration requires light; combustion does not.

Oxygen level increases, Carbon dioxide level decreases.

Oxygen level decreases, Carbon dioxide level increases.

Both Oxygen and Carbon dioxide levels increase.

Both Oxygen and Carbon dioxide levels decrease.

It absorbs heat from the surroundings.

It releases heat energy.

It requires light to start.

It only happens at $100^{\circ}C$.

To allow more water to evaporate from the soil.

To ensure that air (oxygen) can reach the roots for respiration.

To kill the beneficial bacteria living in the soil.

To prevent the roots from growing too deep.

Aerobic respiration increases to find more oxygen.

Aerobic respiration stops and anaerobic respiration may begin.

The plant starts photosynthesizing faster to produce oxygen.

Respiration is unaffected as plants don't need oxygen.

Atmospheric $CO_2 \rightarrow$ Glucose $\rightarrow$ Starch

Glucose $\rightarrow$ Pyruvate $\rightarrow$ Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide $\rightarrow$ Water $\rightarrow$ Glucose

Starch $\rightarrow$ Oxygen $\rightarrow$ Carbon dioxide