Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.
🔑Concepts
Transport in human beings is carried out by the circulatory system, which consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels.
Blood is a fluid connective tissue consisting of plasma, Red Blood Cells (), White Blood Cells (), and platelets.
The human heart is a four-chambered muscular organ ( atria and ventricles) that prevents the mixing of oxygenated () and deoxygenated () blood.
Double circulation involves two pathways: Pulmonary circulation (between heart and lungs) and Systemic circulation (between heart and the rest of the body).
Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood against the walls of a vessel. It is measured as pressure (contraction) and pressure (relaxation).
Lymph is an extracellular fluid that carries digested fats and drains excess fluid from intercellular spaces back into the blood.
In plants, Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to leaves using and .
Phloem transports the products of photosynthesis () from leaves to other parts of the plant through a process called , which requires energy in the form of .
📐Formulae
💡Examples
Problem 1:
A patient’s blood pressure is recorded as . Calculate the pulse pressure and identify the medical condition.
Solution:
. The condition is (high blood pressure).
Explanation:
Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure. A normal reading is approximately . Values significantly higher than this indicate high blood pressure.
Problem 2:
How does the movement of into phloem tissue affect water movement?
Solution:
The entry of increases the osmotic pressure, causing water to move from the xylem into the phloem.
Explanation:
Using energy from , is loaded into the sieve tubes. This creates a hypertonic condition, and by the process of osmosis, water enters the phloem, creating high pressure that moves the material to tissues with lower pressure.