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Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties - Nomenclature of Elements with Atomic Number greater than 100

Grade 11CBSEChemistry

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

🔑Concepts

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The IUPAC systematic nomenclature is used for elements with atomic number Z>100Z > 100 until their discovery is confirmed and a permanent name is assigned.

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The name is derived directly from the atomic number digits using specific numerical roots: 0=nil0 = nil, 1=un1 = un, 2=bi2 = bi, 3=tri3 = tri, 4=quad4 = quad, 5=pent5 = pent, 6=hex6 = hex, 7=sept7 = sept, 8=oct8 = oct, and 9=enn9 = enn.

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To form the complete name, the roots are put together in order of the digits and the suffix −ium-ium is added at the end.

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If the final root ends in 'ii' (like bibi or tritri) and is followed by the suffix −ium-ium, one 'ii' is omitted to avoid double 'ii' (e.g., biumbium instead of biiumbiium).

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If the root ennenn is followed by nilnil (as in atomic number 190190), the 'nn' is dropped (e.g., ennilennil instead of ennnilennnil).

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The chemical symbol is derived by taking the first letter of each numerical root and capitalizing the first letter (e.g., for Z=101Z = 101, the symbol is UnuUnu).

📐Formulae

Root Table: Digit0123456789RootnilunbitriquadpenthexseptoctennAbbr.nubtqphsoe\text{Root Table: } \begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline \text{Digit} & 0 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 \\ \hline \text{Root} & nil & un & bi & tri & quad & pent & hex & sept & oct & enn \\ \hline \text{Abbr.} & n & u & b & t & q & p & h & s & o & e \\ \hline \end{array}

Systematic Name=(Root1)+(Root2)+(Root3)+ium\text{Systematic Name} = (\text{Root}_1) + (\text{Root}_2) + (\text{Root}_3) + ium

💡Examples

Problem 1:

What is the IUPAC name and symbol for the element with atomic number Z=120Z = 120?

Solution:

The name is Unbinilium and the symbol is UbnUbn.

Explanation:

For Z=120Z = 120: Digit 11 is unun, digit 22 is bibi, and digit 00 is nilnil. Combining these with the suffix −ium-ium gives un+bi+nil+ium=Unbiniliumun + bi + nil + ium = Unbinilium. The symbol is formed from the first letters: u,b,n→Ubnu, b, n \rightarrow Ubn.

Problem 2:

Determine the systematic name for an element with Z=109Z = 109.

Solution:

Unnilennium

Explanation:

Digit 1=un1 = un, 0=nil0 = nil, 9=enn9 = enn. Combining them: un+nil+enn+ium=Unnilenniumun + nil + enn + ium = Unnilennium. The symbol is UneUne.

Problem 3:

Write the IUPAC name for Z=102Z = 102 and explain the spelling rule applied.

Solution:

Unnilbium

Explanation:

Digit 1=un1 = un, 0=nil0 = nil, 2=bi2 = bi. Normally, it would be un+nil+bi+iumun + nil + bi + ium. However, according to the IUPAC rule, since the root 'bi' ends in 'ii', we drop one 'ii' before adding 'ium'. Thus, it is written as Unnilbium (Symbol: UnbUnb).