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Algebra - Linear sequences

Grade 7Cambridge (IGCSE)

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

πŸ”‘Concepts

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A sequence is an ordered list of numbers that follow a specific pattern.

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A linear sequence (or arithmetic progression) is a sequence where the difference between any two consecutive terms is constant.

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The 'common difference' (dd) is the fixed amount added or subtracted to get from one term to the next.

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The term number is denoted as 'nn', where n=1n=1 is the first term, n=2n=2 is the second term, and so on.

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The nthn^{th} term (general term) is an algebraic rule that allows you to calculate any term in the sequence based on its position.

πŸ“Formulae

Common Difference: d=Term2βˆ’Term1d = \text{Term}_2 - \text{Term}_1

nthn^{th} term rule: dn+cdn + c

Zero-term (cc): c=FirstΒ Termβˆ’dc = \text{First Term} - d

General position formula: a+(nβˆ’1)da + (n - 1)d (where aa is the first term)

πŸ’‘Examples

Problem 1:

Find the nthn^{th} term for the sequence: 5,8,11,14,...5, 8, 11, 14, ...

Solution:

3n+23n + 2

Explanation:

First, find the common difference: 8βˆ’5=38 - 5 = 3, so d=3d = 3. This gives us 3n3n. Next, find the 'zero term' by subtracting the difference from the first term: 5βˆ’3=25 - 3 = 2. Therefore, the nthn^{th} term is 3n+23n + 2.

Problem 2:

A sequence has the nthn^{th} term rule 7nβˆ’47n - 4. Calculate the 50th50^{th} term.

Solution:

346

Explanation:

To find the 50th50^{th} term, substitute n=50n = 50 into the formula: 7(50)βˆ’4=350βˆ’4=3467(50) - 4 = 350 - 4 = 346.

Problem 3:

Determine if 100 is a term in the sequence 4n+34n + 3.

Solution:

No

Explanation:

Set the formula equal to 100: 4n+3=1004n + 3 = 100. Solve for nn: 4n=974n = 97, so n=24.25n = 24.25. Since nn must be a whole number (a position in the sequence), 100 is not a term in this sequence.

Problem 4:

Find the nthn^{th} term for the decreasing sequence: 20,15,10,5,...20, 15, 10, 5, ...

Solution:

βˆ’5n+25-5n + 25

Explanation:

The common difference is 15βˆ’20=βˆ’515 - 20 = -5. The zero term is 20βˆ’(βˆ’5)=2520 - (-5) = 25. Thus, the rule is βˆ’5n+25-5n + 25.