Respiration in Plants

What gas is produced as a waste product when glucose is oxidized during respiration?

Plants can survive without specialized respiratory organs because each plant part __________.

In a pea plant, where would most of the $O_2$ diffusion occur?

The distance that gases must diffuse within a plant is usually:

What physical property of $CO_{2}$ makes its diffusion through the stomata into the leaf slightly slower than the diffusion of $O_{2}$ out of the leaf?

During a period of high metabolic activity in a growing bud, the rate of gas exchange:

Which of these gases is generally NOT considered a significant participant in the daily gas exchange cycle for plant respiration?

How does 'Radial Oxygen Loss' (ROL) from the roots of wetland plants affect the surrounding soil environment?

Why do seeds often switch from an initially high $RQ$ (above $1.0$) to a lower $RQ$ (around $0.7$ to $1.0$) during the course of germination?

What is the '$CO_2$ compensation point' for a $C_4$ plant compared to a $C_3$ plant, and how does this affect gas exchange in low $CO_2$ environments?

Is glycolysis a cyclic or linear metabolic pathway?

Which enzyme acts on Fructose-6-phosphate during glycolysis?

What happens to the $NADH + H^+$ produced during glycolysis in the presence of oxygen in plant cells?

Which of the following processes is common to all living organisms, regardless of whether they are aerobic or anaerobic?

Which of the following intermediates is a double-phosphorylated six-carbon sugar?

Which molecule acts as the terminal electron acceptor in the glycolytic pathway itself (prior to any further aerobic or anaerobic metabolism)?

If a plant cell starts glycolysis with one molecule of fructose-6-phosphate (instead of glucose), what would be the net ATP gain at the end of glycolysis?

Why is it necessary for Triose Phosphate Isomerase to be an 'evolutionarily perfect' enzyme (catalyzing at the diffusion limit)?

If the C-3 and C-4 of glucose are labeled with $^{14}C$, where will the label appear in the pyruvate molecules?

In the reaction $3\text{-PGA} \leftrightarrow 2\text{-PGA}$, the enzyme Phosphoglycerate Mutase is used. What is the characteristic of the active site 'His' residue in many versions of this enzyme?

Which of the following is true for both alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation?

In fermentation, the electrons removed from glucose during glycolysis are eventually donated to:

The total energy yield of fermentation is lower than aerobic respiration because:

Which molecule is directly reduced by $NADH$ in the production of lactate?

Which of the following describes the environmental conditions under which fermentation typically occurs in plants and microbes?

What is the net ATP yield from the fermentation of 5 molecules of glucose?

In the absence of oxygen, the link reaction and the Krebs cycle do not occur because:

The net energy gain in fermentation is 2 ATP. These ATPs are produced during which specific transformation?

If 4 molecules of $NADH$ are oxidized during the reduction of acetaldehyde to ethanol, how many molecules of glucose must have been processed through glycolysis initially?

Which enzyme prevents the accumulation of Acetaldehyde in yeast cells during anaerobic conditions?

What happens to the Coenzyme A (CoA) after Acetyl CoA reacts with Oxaloacetic acid?

Which of these complexes does NOT pump protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane?

The synthesis of GTP in the TCA cycle is an example of:

During the ETS, the transfer of electrons is coupled with the pumping of which ion across the membrane?

Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction where $FAD^{+}$ is reduced to $FADH_{2}$?

The movement of electrons through the ETS is coupled with the pumping of protons from:

What happens to the $pH$ of the intermembrane space during active electron transport?

The flow of electrons from $NADH$ to Oxygen is exergonic. This energy is primarily used to:

Which of the following complexes is also known as 'Cytochrome $c$ oxidase'?

The oxidation of Malate to Oxaloacetate is catalyzed by Malate dehydrogenase. This reaction is highly endergonic under standard conditions. What allows it to proceed in the direction of the TCA cycle in vivo?

Which of these statements best summarizes the amphibolic pathway?

The RQ value of 0.9 is characteristic of which respiratory substrate?

In which part of the cell does the conversion of Pyruvic acid to Acetyl CoA occur?

Which of the following is NOT an intermediate of the Krebs cycle?

If a researcher measures an $RQ$ of $0.9$ in a plant tissue, which metabolic event is most likely occurring?

Which class of secondary metabolites in plants can be synthesized using Acetyl CoA as a starting point?

During active growth of a plant, the rate of 'withdrawal' of respiratory intermediates for biosynthesis likely:

If we inhibit the enzyme Malate Dehydrogenase, which of the following anabolic processes would be directly limited due to the lack of its substrate?

In the 'amphibolic' view of respiration, the term 'catabolism' is often used interchangeably with 'breakdown' and 'energy release'. However, in this pathway, catabolism also provides:

Why is the oxidation of organic acids like Citrate or Malate associated with an RQ > 1?

Which value of $RQ$ would indicate that a mixture of substrates is being oxidized, such as during the germination of a seed containing both oil and starch?

Which substrate requires the most oxygen relative to the amount of $CO_2$ produced?

Calculate the $RQ$ if a tissue produces $44.8\text{ liters}$ of $CO_2$ and consumes $44.8\text{ liters}$ of $O_2$.

If an experiment shows that more oxygen is consumed than carbon dioxide is evolved, the $RQ$ is:

In the respiration of a specific organic acid, the $O_2$ used is $6$ liters and the $CO_2$ released is $8$ liters. What is the $RQ$?

Which substrate should be used if a researcher wants an experimental $RQ$ value closest to $0.7$?

The $RQ$ of Tartaric acid ($C_4H_6O_6$) is approximately $1.6$. Why is this value higher than that of glucose?

Calculate the $RQ$ of a substance whose oxidation follows the stoichiometry: $C_{10}H_{18}O + 14O_2 \rightarrow 10CO_2 + 9H_2O$.

If the $RQ$ is 1.0, the amount of energy released per liter of $O_2$ consumed is approximately 5.05 kcal. If the $RQ$ is 0.7 (fats), the energy released per liter of $O_2$ is 4.69 kcal. This implies that:

In some parasitic plants, the $RQ$ is found to be consistently less than 1.0 despite being surrounded by host-derived sugars. This could be due to:

In calculations of $ATP$ gain, why is it considered a 'theoretical' yield?

How many oxygen molecules are consumed for the complete oxidation of one glucose molecule?

Which step in the Krebs cycle involves the release of $CO_2$ and production of $NADH$?

Which process serves as the connection between glycolysis and the Krebs cycle in the balance sheet?

In the provided flowchart representing the aerobic breakdown of one glucose molecule, which stage (I, II, or III) is responsible for generating the highest number of $NADH + H^{+}$ molecules to be accounted for in the respiratory balance sheet?

One molecule of Acetyl CoA entering the Krebs cycle leads to the production of how many molecules of $CO_2$?

In the pay-off phase of glycolysis, for every glucose molecule, how many ATP are produced by substrate-level phosphorylation?

How many ATP molecules are produced specifically by the oxidation of the $FADH_2$ molecules generated from the complete oxidation of 4 molecules of glucose?

Which of the following is NOT a reason why the real ATP yield is lower than the theoretical 36-38 ATP yield?

Calculate the total number of protons ($H^+$) that must flow through $F_0-F_1$ particles to synthesize the ATP produced from the oxidation of the NADH generated in just the Link Reaction of one glucose molecule (assuming 3 $H^+$/ATP).