Reproduction - Variations in Reproduction in Animals

Sexual Reproduction: A mode of reproduction involving the fusion of male and female gametes. The resulting cell is called a $Zygote$.

Asexual Reproduction: Reproduction where only a single parent is involved. Common methods include $Binary\ Fission$ (e.g., $Amoeba$) and $Budding$ (e.g., $Hydra$).

Fertilization: The process of fusion of the male gamete ($sperm$) and the female gamete ($ovum$). It can be $Internal$ (occurs inside the female body) or $External$ (occurs outside, typically in water).

Viviparous Animals: Animals that give birth to young ones directly (e.g., humans, dogs, cows).

Oviparous Animals: Animals that lay eggs which eventually hatch into young ones (e.g., hens, frogs, lizards).

Metamorphosis: The transformation of a larva into an adult through drastic changes, represented as $Larva \rightarrow Pupa \rightarrow Adult$.

Cloning: The production of an exact copy of a cell, any other living part, or a complete organism. For example, the sheep named 'Dolly' was the first mammal to be cloned.