The Invisible Living World: Beyond Our Naked Eye

Both have cell walls

Neither has a cell wall

Only plant cells have a cell wall

Only animal cells have a cell wall

Cytoplasm

Protoplasm

Nucleoplasm

Ectoplasm

Blue-green algae

Bacteria

Onion

None of these

Nuclear membrane

Chromosomes

Cytoplasm

Cell membrane

The cell wall provides a specific anchor point that pulls the nucleus to the side.

A large central vacuole occupies most of the cell's volume, displacing the nucleus.

The nucleus moves towards the edge to be closer to chloroplasts for easier energy transfer.

Plant cells contain more cytoplasm in the center, which pushes the nucleus outward.

The cells of an elephant are much larger than those of a rat

The cells of a rat are larger than those of an elephant

The size of the cell depends on its function, not the size of the animal

The cells of an elephant have no nucleus

Cytoplasm

Nucleoplasm

Protoplasm

Plasma

A Eukaryotic cell

A Multicellular cell

A Prokaryotic cell

A Specialized animal cell

Robert Brown

J.E. Purkinje

Rudolf Virchow

Camillo Golgi

The cell would shrink.

The cell would remain unchanged.

The cell would likely swell and burst (lyse).

The cell would divide immediately.

Nucleolus

Chromosome

Gene

Pseudopodia

Meters

Kilometers

Micrometers

Centimeters

Only movement

Only capturing food

Both movement and capturing food

Reproduction

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Cell membrane

Vacuole

The rigid cell wall exerts a magnetic pull on the nucleus towards the outer edges.

The large central vacuole occupies a significant portion of the cell volume, shifting the nucleus to the periphery.

Plant cells contain multiple nuclei that must be distributed along the cell wall.

The absence of a nuclear membrane in plant cells allows the nucleus to drift freely to the side.

All cells contain a cell wall.

All living organisms are made up of cells.

All cells have a nucleus.

All cells are the same size.

All cells in an organism are the same shape.

Cell shape depends on the size of the organism.

Cell shape is generally related to its specific function.

Cells have no fixed shape.

Paramecium

Euglena

Amoeba

Spirogyra

Providing protection against pathogens

Allowing the cell to change shape easily for movement

Providing mechanical strength

Withstanding osmotic pressure

Digestive system

Respiratory system

Nervous system

Excretory system

Organism -> Organ System -> Organ -> Tissue -> Cell

Cell -> Tissue -> Organ -> Organ System -> Organism

Organ -> Organ System -> Organism -> Tissue -> Cell

Tissue -> Cell -> Organ -> Organ System -> Organism

Smaller than in animal cells

Larger than in animal cells

Absent

The same size as in animal cells

Prokaryotic cells

Eukaryotic cells

Single cells

Nerve cells

Root system

Leaf

Stomata

Pollen grain

Decreases from cell to organism

Increases from cell to organism

Stays the same at all levels

Is highest at the tissue level

Organ system

Cell

Tissue

Organism

Bone tissue

Muscle tissue

Nerve tissue

Epithelial tissue

Nerves

Brain

Neuron

Stimulus

Tissue

Cell

Organ

Organ System

Cell $\rightarrow$ Organ $\rightarrow$ Tissue $\rightarrow$ Organ System

Cell $\rightarrow$ Tissue $\rightarrow$ Organ $\rightarrow$ Organ System

Tissue $\rightarrow$ Cell $\rightarrow$ Organ $\rightarrow$ Organ System

Organ System $\rightarrow$ Organ $\rightarrow$ Tissue $\rightarrow$ Cell

Bacterium

Virus

Fungus

Protozoan

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Carbon dioxide

Hydrogen

Sharing towels

Keeping food uncovered

Using a handkerchief while sneezing

Sitting near a sick person

Antibody

Antibiotic

Pathogen

Preservative

The soil would lose its fertility because essential nutrients would no longer be recycled from organic waste.

Plants would grow faster by directly absorbing dead organic matter through their leaves.

Organic waste would be converted into oxygen by sunlight through a different chemical process.

The amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere would increase rapidly to replace soil nutrients.

Members of Group P are always multicellular, unlike the members of Group A.

Members of Group P generally lack chlorophyll and are heterotrophic, while Group A members usually contain chlorophyll and are autotrophic.

Group A organisms are a type of virus that only reproduces inside a host.

Group P organisms are only found in the air, whereas Group A organisms are only found in volcanic vents.

They can only thrive in temperate regions with moderate moisture.

They are ubiquitous and can adapt to survive in diverse, extreme environmental conditions.

They are strictly limited to aquatic ecosystems like ponds and lakes.

They require a living animal host to survive in environments like deserts.

Blisters on feet and mouth, caused by a virus.

Loss of fur, caused by a fungus.

Increased milk production, caused by a bacterium.

Blindness, caused by a protozoan.

Disinfectants are used on non-living surfaces, while antibiotics are used inside living bodies.

Disinfectants only kill viruses, while antibiotics only kill bacteria.

Disinfectants are natural, while antibiotics are always synthetic.

There is no difference; both terms are interchangeable.

Microbes like Rhizobium and Blue-green algae that can fix atmospheric nitrogen.

Chemical fertilizers like Urea and NPK.

Insects that carry nitrogen from one plant to another.

Large trees that store nitrogen in their trunks.

Increasing water content

Fixing nitrogen

Adding oxygen

Removing salt

Penicillium

Chlamydomonas

Plasmodium

Bacillus

Sugar

Common salt

Antibiotics

Water

Water

Air

Food

Physical contact

To increase the nutritional value and vitamin content of the milk

To prevent the growth of microbes by creating a sudden temperature shock

To separate the fats and proteins for easier digestion

To activate beneficial bacteria like $Lactobacillus$ for fermentation

Typhoid

Ringworm

Malaria

Dysentery

Rodents

Microbes

Insects

Moisture only

Antibiotics are too expensive for common illnesses.

Antibiotics are ineffective against the viral pathogens causing the cold.

The patient's body might become allergic to antibiotics during a cold.

Fluids contain natural antibiotics that are more powerful than medicines.

Viruses

Bacteria and Fungi

Algae

Protozoa

They are kept in airtight containers.

The high acidic and salt content creates an environment where most microbes cannot survive.

The vegetables used in pickles are naturally resistant to all bacteria.

They are treated with radiation before packing.

Biology

Microbiology

Zoology

Botany

Plastic

Paper

Both will disappear

Neither will disappear

Nitrogen

Helium

Neon

Krypton

Certain specialized bacteria

Bread mold

Mushroom

Yeast

Eating small fish

Decomposing plastic

Nitrogen fixation and providing oxygen

Spreading diseases

Viruses

Bacteria and Fungi

Algae

Protozoa

To hide the waste

To provide oxygen for aerobic microbes

To cool it down to $0^{\circ}C$

To kill the earthworms

They help the fungus move faster

They break down large, complex organic molecules outside the cell into smaller ones that can be absorbed

They act as a defense against predators like birds

They produce light in the dark

Microbes find them too tasty and overeat

These chemicals have structures that microbes have not evolved enzymes to recognize easily

Microbes are afraid of chemicals

Pesticides provide too much energy for microbes to handle

A chemical spray

A biofilm of microorganisms growing on the filter media

A high-pressure air pump

A series of tiny magnets

Kills all microbes forever

Inhibits the growth of microbes

Adds nutrients to the food

Makes the food more colorful

Penicillium

Chlamydomonas

Amoeba

Aspergillus

Because it is caused by bacteria

Because it is caused by a virus

Because it is caused by fungi

Because it is not a disease

Sodium benzoate

Sodium metabisulphite

Table salt

Methane gas

$Bacillus$

$Coccus$

$Spirillum$

$Vibrio$

Sodium chloride and Acetic acid

Sodium benzoate and Sodium metabisulphite

Calcium oxide and Chlorine

Potassium permanganate and Iodine

Nitrification

Nitrogen fixation

Denitrification

Ammonification

Vinegar

High concentration of sugar

Spices

Nitrogen gas

Conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia

Conversion of nitrates into nitrogen gas

Conversion of organic nitrogen from dead organisms into ammonia

Conversion of ammonia into nitrites

They are too small to be seen even with an electron microscope

They do not show any characteristics of life until they enter a host cell

They are only made of proteins and lack genetic material

They can only reproduce in the presence of sunlight

Producing greenhouse gases

Acting as a sink for $CO_2$

Reducing the amount of oxygen

Increasing water pollution

By being huge monsters

By being tiny organisms that perform vital functions like producing oxygen

By being ghosts

By living inside rocks only

Because they make the water too blue

Because too much algae can deplete oxygen at night and harm fish

Because they turn into land plants

Because they stop the rain

Seaweeds are microscopic, microalgae are large

Seaweeds are multicellular and large, microalgae are mostly unicellular and microscopic

Seaweeds are animals, microalgae are plants

There is no difference

They produce about 50% of the world's oxygen

They help in forming clouds

They prevent rain from being acidic

They keep the air temperature exactly at $25^\circ C$

Microalgae are multicellular, while Amoebas are unicellular

Microalgae can make their own food, while Amoebas cannot

Amoebas have chlorophyll, while microalgae do not

Microalgae have no cell wall, while Amoebas do

See its prey

Detect the direction of light

Breathe in oxygen

Excrete waste

They are too large to filter.

Their small size and low concentration in water make dewatering expensive.

They die instantly when touched by humans.

They do not contain any useful chemicals.

They decrease the pH by releasing $CO_2$.

They increase the pH by consuming $CO_2$ (carbonic acid) during photosynthesis.

They have no effect on pH.

They make the water extremely acidic.

Star-shaped clusters

Filamentous with spiral-shaped chloroplasts

Single-celled with two flagella

Box-like silica shells

All cells are of the same shape

All cells are of the same size

Cells are the building blocks of life

Only plants have cells

Kill the cell

Color the cell parts for better visibility

Make the cell grow

Stop the cell from moving

Both are basic structural units

Both are living

Both are made of sand

Both can grow in size

Cells

Organs

Organisms

Genes

Both are independent organisms.

Both can change their shape.

Both have a cell wall.

Both lack a nucleus.

The membrane of the nucleus.

The membrane surrounding the vacuole.

The outer layer of the mitochondria.

Another name for the cell wall.

Respiring

Dividing

Growing in size

Producing energy

The production of energy from glucose

The synthesis of $mRNA$

The modification and transport of proteins and lipids

The absorption of water by the cell

Viruses are much larger than animal cells

Viruses lack a cellular structure and cannot reproduce independently outside a host cell

Viruses have a nucleus but no cytoplasm

Viruses have both a cell wall and a cell membrane

All life processes like digestion occur within cells

Microscopic examination shows that every part of a plant or animal is made of cells or cell products

Cells are able to divide and produce more cells

Cells contain DNA which is the blueprint of life