Human Body Systems

In the lower right abdomen

Behind the lungs

In the neck

In the upper left side of the abdomen

It adds more water to the food

It makes the food taste better

It increases the surface area of food for enzymes to work on

It removes sugar from the food

Hormones

Enzymes

Antibodies

Vitamins

Duodenum

Ileum

Jejunum

Colon

They are sent to the large intestine for storage

They are transported to the liver and then to cells for energy and repair

They are converted into bile

They are immediately excreted through the kidneys

Inability to swallow food

Severe dehydration due to lack of water reabsorption

Inability to digest proteins

High levels of sugar in the saliva

Bile

Amylase

Hydrochloric acid

Insulin

To grind food into smaller pieces

To prevent the backflow of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus

To signal the brain that the stomach is full

To absorb sugar directly into the blood

By keeping the body at exactly 37°C regardless of external conditions

By converting complex chemical energy in food into a form (glucose) cells can use

By removing carbon dioxide from the blood through the anus

By producing red blood cells to carry more oxygen

The Stomach

The Pancreas or Salivary Glands

The Liver

The Gallbladder

Oxygen

Carbon dioxide

Nitrogen

Water vapor

To remove food from the throat

To take in a large amount of oxygen quickly

To stop the heart

To help with digestion

Water

Mucus

Blood

Saliva

Frontal lobe

Brain stem

Cerebellum

Occipital lobe

The diaphragm moves down

The intercostal muscles pull the ribs up

The volume of the chest cavity decreases

Air pressure in the lungs becomes lower than atmospheric pressure

To produce oxygen from carbon dioxide

To carry oxygen from the lungs to the body cells using hemoglobin

To protect the alveoli from bacteria

To signal the brain to breathe

Large tubes with thick bone protection

Small, branching tubes that lead from the bronchi to the alveoli

The main tube that connects the mouth to the stomach

The sac-like structures where gas is exchanged

Total Lung Capacity includes the Residual Volume, while Vital Capacity does not.

Vital Capacity is the amount of air inhaled, while Total Lung Capacity is the amount exhaled.

Total Lung Capacity is only measured during exercise, while Vital Capacity is measured at rest.

There is no difference; they are two terms for the same measurement.

Pulmonary vein -> Heart -> Pulmonary artery

Systemic vein -> Heart -> Pulmonary artery -> Capillaries around alveoli

Pulmonary artery -> Heart -> Systemic vein

Capillaries around alveoli -> Pulmonary vein -> Heart

Bronchioles; they are thin-walled and have no cartilage.

Bronchi; they contain cartilaginous rings to maintain an open airway.

Alveolar ducts; they are surrounded by smooth muscle for gas exchange.

Capillaries; they are one cell thick to allow for diffusion.

A long thin string

A flat biconcave disc

A perfect sphere

A star shape

Red blood cells

White blood cells

Platelets

Plasma

Blood pressure

Heart rate

Pulse

Diffusion

White blood cell

Red blood cell

Plasma cell

Nerve cell

The artery

The vein

They both have the same size lumen

Neither, as capillaries have the largest lumen

It helps regulate body temperature by carrying heat

It is the only part of the blood that carries oxygen

It creates the electrical signals for the heart

It thickens the blood so it doesn't flow too fast

Aorta

Pulmonary Artery

Pulmonary Vein

Vena Cava

Interstitial fluid lacks the red blood cells and large proteins found in blood

Blood is found outside of vessels while interstitial fluid is kept inside

Interstitial fluid carries oxygen while blood only carries carbon dioxide

There is no difference; the two fluids are identical in composition

Their diameter can be adjusted by smooth muscle to regulate the flow into capillaries and control blood pressure

They have the thickest walls of any vessel to resist the high pressure from the heart

They contain valves that offer resistance to any blood trying to flow backward

They are the only vessels that can resist the buildup of cholesterol plaque

Atrial depolarization

Ventricular depolarization

Atrial repolarization

Ventricular repolarization

A peanut

A watermelon

A slice of dried beef

A piece of cheddar cheese

They are immediately washed out in urine

They are stored in the body's fat tissues

They are turned into carbohydrates

They are used to make blood cells

Strong muscles

Severe weight loss and thinning of tissues

Excessive height

Bright orange skin

They have fewer bones

They are generally more active and still growing

They have a shorter digestive system

They do not need vitamins

Only the condition of being extremely underweight

A condition resulting from a diet that lacks certain nutrients or has them in the wrong proportions

The process of food being broken down in the stomach

A disease caused by eating too much fiber

Carbohydrates

Vitamins

Proteins

Minerals

Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

Vitamin A

Iron

Fiber

Feeling hungry even after eating a large meal.

A condition where an individual consumes enough calories but suffers from chronic micronutrient (vitamin/mineral) deficiencies.

The hunger experienced by hibernating animals.

A psychological disorder where a person forgets they have eaten.

Copper is used to make red blood cells green instead of red.

Copper is a necessary cofactor for the enzymes that transport iron and incorporate it into hemoglobin.

Copper is what the body uses to make sugar.

Copper deficiency prevents the lungs from taking in nitrogen.

BMI does not take into account the height of the individual.

BMI does not distinguish between muscle mass and fat mass, and muscle is denser than fat.

Bodybuilders do not need nutrients, so BMI doesn't apply.

The BMI scale is only designed for children under age 10.

Doing exercise once a month

Being consistent with regular physical activity

Only exercising when you feel like it

Watching sports on television

It increases physical strength only

It supports mental and emotional well-being

It helps the body store more sugar

It prevents the need for sleep

It increases the pressure on the knees

It reduces the stress and wear on the joints

It makes the joints stiffer

It has no effect on bone health

Butter

Avocado

Fried chicken

Candy

By providing extra mitochondria to every cell.

By neutralizing molecules that can damage DNA and cell membranes.

By making the cell wall of animal cells much thicker.

By allowing cells to survive without any water.

Fine particles can enter the bloodstream and cause inflammation in the blood vessels.

Pollution causes the blood to turn blue, which carries more oxygen.

Smog helps the heart pump blood with less effort.

Air pollution has no way of reaching the circulatory system.

It stays exactly the same because the heart is a muscle that doesn't change.

It increases because the heart gets used to beating fast.

It decreases because the heart becomes more efficient at pumping blood.

It fluctuates randomly because the nervous system becomes confused.

The blood in the veins gets too hot and expands.

A lack of leg muscle contraction means blood is not efficiently pushed upward against gravity, causing it to pool and stretch the vein walls/valves.

Sitting down causes the veins to turn into arteries.

The heart pumps blood too fast into the legs when a person is sitting.

Sugar is a base, so it raises the pH and makes teeth stronger.

Bacteria in the mouth metabolize the sugar and produce $acid$ as a byproduct, which dissolves the calcium phosphate in tooth enamel.

The sugar coats the teeth and protects them from bacteria like a shield.

The sugar turns into a gas that kills all the beneficial bacteria in the throat.

The GFR increases to try and find water hidden in the blood.

The GFR decreases as the body attempts to conserve fluid, potentially leading to a buildup of metabolic wastes in the blood.

The GFR stays exactly the same because the kidneys don't need water to filter.

The kidneys stop filtering blood and start filtering air instead.