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The Human Body: Nervous System - Parts of the Brain (Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Medulla)

Grade 5ICSE

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

🔑Concepts

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The brain is the control center of the human body, protected by the bony SkullSkull or CraniumCranium.

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The Cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. It is the center of intelligence, memory, and reasoning. It controls our sense organs and voluntary actions.

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The Cerebellum is located at the back of the head, below the cerebrum. It is responsible for maintaining body balance, posture, and coordinating muscular movements like running or swimming.

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The Medulla Oblongata (or Brain Stem) connects the brain to the spinal cord. It remains active even when we sleep, as it controls involuntary actions like heartbeat, breathing, and digestion.

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The human brain is composed of approximately 101110^{11} (100 billion) neurons that transmit signals through electrical and chemical impulses.

📐Formulae

C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+EnergyC_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{Energy}

Average Brain Weight≈1.4 kg\text{Average Brain Weight} \approx 1.4 \text{ kg}

Brain Weight≈2% of total body weight\text{Brain Weight} \approx 2\% \text{ of total body weight}

💡Examples

Problem 1:

While playing football, Rahul is able to run and maintain his balance. Which part of his brain is primarily responsible for this coordination?

Solution:

The Cerebellum.

Explanation:

The Cerebellum is the part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains the balancebalance and postureposture of the body during physical activities.

Problem 2:

Name the part of the brain that controls the process of cellular respiration represented by the equation C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+EnergyC_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{Energy}.

Solution:

The Medulla Oblongata.

Explanation:

The Medulla controls involuntary actions such as breathing (which provides O2O_2 for respiration) and the heartbeat, ensuring the body functions even when the person is asleep.

Problem 3:

If a student is solving a complex mathematical problem or memorizing a poem, which part of the brain is most active?

Solution:

The Cerebrum.

Explanation:

The Cerebrum is responsible for higher-order functions such as logiclogic, learninglearning, memorymemory, and reasoningreasoning.