Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.
🔑Concepts
Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, while hygiene refers to the practices that help maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases.
Diseases are categorized into communicable (infectious) and non-communicable (non-infectious) diseases. Communicable diseases are caused by pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.
Pathogens can spread through various modes: Direct contact, infected food or water (), air (droplets), and vectors like mosquitoes or flies.
Vaccination is the process of administering a vaccine to help the immune system develop protection from a disease. It stimulates the body's natural .
Immunity is the ability of the body to resist and fight against specific .
Common vaccines include for Tuberculosis, (Oral Polio Vaccine) for Polio, and for Diphtheria, Pertussis, and Tetanus.
Personal hygiene includes regular bathing, brushing teeth, and washing hands with soap to remove .
Community hygiene involves keeping the surroundings clean, proper disposal of waste, and ensuring the supply of safe drinking water (often treated with chlorine ).
📐Formulae
💡Examples
Problem 1:
Why is it important to wash hands before eating?
Solution:
To remove and dirt.
Explanation:
Handwashing with soap removes harmful microorganisms like bacteria and viruses that may have accumulated on the skin, preventing them from entering the body through the mouth.
Problem 2:
Which vaccine is used to prevent Tuberculosis (TB)?
Solution:
(Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine.
Explanation:
The vaccine is a live-attenuated vaccine specifically designed to provide immunity against the bacteria that causes Tuberculosis.
Problem 3:
How does a mosquito act as a vector for Malaria?
Solution:
It carries the parasite.
Explanation:
The female mosquito bites an infected person, picks up the parasite, and then injects it into a healthy person during its next blood meal.