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Health and Hygiene - Non-communicable diseases

Grade 5ICSE

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

🔑Concepts

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Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are diseases that are not spread from one person to another through contact, air, or water. They are often caused by unhealthy lifestyles, environmental factors, or nutritional deficiencies.

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Deficiency diseases occur when the body does not get enough essential vitamins or minerals. For example, a lack of Vitamin AA leads to Night Blindness.

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Iron (FeFe) deficiency leads to Anaemia, a condition where the blood cannot carry enough oxygen, leading to fatigue and paleness.

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Iodine (II) is essential for the thyroid gland; its deficiency causes Goitre, characterized by swelling in the neck region.

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Vitamin CC deficiency causes Scurvy, which leads to bleeding gums and slow healing of wounds.

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Vitamin DD and Calcium (CaCa) are vital for strong bones. Lack of these can lead to Rickets in children, making bones soft and bent.

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Lifestyle diseases like Obesity and Diabetes are non-communicable. Obesity is often measured using the Body Mass Index (BMIBMI).

📐Formulae

BMI=Weight in kg(Height in m)2BMI = \frac{\text{Weight in } kg}{(\text{Height in } m)^2}

Balanced Diet=Carbohydrates+Fats+Proteins+Vitamins+Minerals+Water+Roughage\text{Balanced Diet} = \text{Carbohydrates} + \text{Fats} + \text{Proteins} + \text{Vitamins} + \text{Minerals} + \text{Water} + \text{Roughage}

Haemoglobin∝Iron (Fe) intake\text{Haemoglobin} \propto \text{Iron (Fe) intake}

💡Examples

Problem 1:

A child has bowed legs and weak bones. Which nutrient is likely missing from their diet, and what is the disease called?

Solution:

The child is likely suffering from Rickets due to a deficiency of Vitamin DD and Calcium (CaCa).

Explanation:

Vitamin DD helps the body absorb Calcium (CaCa), which is necessary for hardening the bones. Without these, bones remain soft and can bend under the body's weight.

Problem 2:

A person feels tired very easily and looks pale. The doctor suggests eating more spinach and apples. Why?

Solution:

The person likely has Anaemia, caused by a deficiency of Iron (FeFe).

Explanation:

Spinach and apples are rich in Iron (FeFe). Iron is required to make haemoglobin, the substance in red blood cells that carries oxygen (O2O_2) throughout the body.

Problem 3:

Calculate the BMIBMI of a person who weighs 60 kg60\text{ kg} and is 2 m2\text{ m} tall. Determine if they are in a healthy range (Healthy BMIBMI is 18.518.5 to 24.924.9).

Solution:

BMI=6022=604=15BMI = \frac{60}{2^2} = \frac{60}{4} = 15

Explanation:

The BMIBMI is 1515, which is below the healthy range of 18.518.5. This indicates the person is underweight and may be prone to nutritional deficiency diseases.