krit.club logo

Health and Hygiene - Essential nutrients (Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals)

Grade 5ICSE

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

🔑Concepts

•

Nutrients are chemical substances found in food that are essential for growth, maintenance, and repair of the body.

•

Carbohydrates are the primary energy source for the body, existing as sugars like Glucose (C6H12O6C_6H_{12}O_6) and complex starches.

•

Proteins are 'Body Building' foods made of amino acids, necessary for the growth and repair of worn-out tissues.

•

Fats (Lipids) are energy-rich nutrients providing twice as much energy as carbohydrates. They help in the absorption of certain vitamins and provide insulation (9 kcal/g9 \text{ kcal/g}).

•

Vitamins are protective nutrients required in small quantities for immunity. Examples include Vitamin C (C6H8O6C_6H_8O_6) for healthy gums and Vitamin D for bone health.

•

Minerals are inorganic elements needed for various body functions. Iron (FeFe) is needed for hemoglobin, and Calcium (CaCa) is essential for strong bones and teeth.

•

A Balanced Diet contains all essential nutrients in the correct proportions (1:1:41:1:4 ratio of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates is a general guideline for certain age groups).

📐Formulae

C6H12O6 (Glucose/Carbohydrate)C_6H_{12}O_6 \text{ (Glucose/Carbohydrate)}

Energy in Fats≈9 kcal/g\text{Energy in Fats} \approx 9 \text{ kcal/g}

Energy in Carbohydrates/Proteins≈4 kcal/g\text{Energy in Carbohydrates/Proteins} \approx 4 \text{ kcal/g}

Ca (Calcium for bones)Ca \text{ (Calcium for bones)}

Fe (Iron for Hemoglobin)Fe \text{ (Iron for Hemoglobin)}

I (Iodine for Thyroid function)I \text{ (Iodine for Thyroid function)}

💡Examples

Problem 1:

If a snack contains 10 g10 \text{ g} of carbohydrates and 5 g5 \text{ g} of fat, calculate the total energy provided by these two nutrients.

Solution:

Total Energy =(10 g×4 kcal/g)+(5 g×9 kcal/g)=40+45=85 kcal= (10 \text{ g} \times 4 \text{ kcal/g}) + (5 \text{ g} \times 9 \text{ kcal/g}) = 40 + 45 = 85 \text{ kcal}.

Explanation:

Carbohydrates provide approximately 4 kcal4 \text{ kcal} per gram, while fats provide 9 kcal9 \text{ kcal} per gram.

Problem 2:

Identify the mineral required to prevent Anemia and explain its role in the blood.

Solution:

The mineral is Iron (FeFe).

Explanation:

Iron (FeFe) is a crucial component of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen (O2O_2) from the lungs to the rest of the body.

Problem 3:

A child has weak bones and decaying teeth. Which mineral and vitamin combination should be increased in their diet?

Solution:

Calcium (CaCa) and Vitamin D.

Explanation:

Calcium is the structural component of bones and teeth, while Vitamin D is essential for the body to absorb CaCa effectively.