Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.
🔑Concepts
Communicable diseases are infectious diseases that spread from one person to another through various agents called pathogens or germs, such as , , , and .
Transmission through Air: Germs are released into the air through droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Examples include the Common Cold and .
Transmission through Water and Food: Diseases like Cholera and Typhoid spread when food or is contaminated by flies or improper sewage disposal.
Transmission through Vectors: Some insects act as carriers of germs. For example, the Female Anopheles mosquito carries the protozoan which causes Malaria.
Transmission through Direct Contact: Diseases like Ringworm or Chickenpox spread by touching an infected person or using their personal belongings.
Prevention: Communicable diseases can be prevented by maintaining personal hygiene, keeping the surroundings clean, and through vaccination (immunization).
Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS): A simple mixture used to treat dehydration caused by diseases like Diarrhoea, consisting of clean , sugar, and (salt).
📐Formulae
💡Examples
Problem 1:
Identify the pathogen and the vector for the disease Malaria.
Solution:
Pathogen: (a Protozoan); Vector: Female Anopheles mosquito.
Explanation:
The mosquito does not cause the disease itself but carries the parasite from an infected person to a healthy person.
Problem 2:
Why is it recommended to boil during a Cholera outbreak?
Solution:
Boiling at kills the bacteria .
Explanation:
High temperatures denature the proteins in bacteria, making the water safe for consumption and preventing waterborne transmission.
Problem 3:
Match the disease with its causative agent: (a) Typhoid, (b) Common Cold.
Solution:
(a) Typhoid - (); (b) Common Cold - ().
Explanation:
Typhoid is a bacterial infection of the intestinal tract, whereas the common cold is a viral infection of the respiratory system.