Metals and Non-metals

Which of the following is not a property of non-metals?

Which property of metals is used for making bells?

Silver articles become black after some time when exposed to air because of the formation of a coating of:

Metals react with dilute acids to give a salt and _____.

Most metal oxides are basic and insoluble in water; however, a few of them dissolve in water to form alkalis. According to the property shown in the flowchart, which of the following oxides correctly represents a metal oxide that results in the formation of an 'Alkali'?

Copper reacts with moist Carbon dioxide in the air and slowly loses its shiny brown surface and gains a green coat. This green substance is:

Which among the following is the least reactive metal?

Consider two elements $X$ (Atomic Number 12) and $Y$ (Atomic Number 16). They react to form a stable compound $Z$. Based on their electronic configurations, which of the following correctly describes the formation and nature of compound $Z$?

A metal $M$ burns in air with a dazzling white flame to produce a white ash consisting of two products $A$ and $B$. $A$ is the metallic oxide, while $B$ is a nitride. When $B$ reacts with water, it releases a gas $C$ with a characteristic pungent smell that turns moist red litmus paper blue. Identify $M$, $B$, and $C$.

Which of the following metals is found in the native (free) state in the earth's crust?

Which metal among the following is the least reactive?

If we place a Copper strip in an Iron Sulphate solution, what will be the observation?

The property of metals to lose electrons and become positive ions is highest in which part of the reactivity series?

Which of the following can replace Hydrogen from water?

A student investigates three metals $L, M,$ and $N$. $L$ reacts with cold water. $M$ does not react with cold water but reacts with steam. $N$ does not react with water at all but displaces silver from silver nitrate solution. Which metal container can be used to safely store the salt solutions of the other two without any reaction?

A series of reactions are performed with three metals $P, Q,$ and $R$. Based on the displacement sequence shown in the flowchart, which of the following chemical reactions is NOT possible?

Three unknown metals $A, B,$ and $C$ are tested for their reactivity with water. Metal $A$ reacts violently with cold water, $B$ reacts only with hot water, and $C$ reacts only with steam. Identify the correct set of metals.

An experimental study of four unknown metals $P, Q, R,$ and $S$ yielded the observations shown in the flowchart. In the diagram, a solid arrow from one metal to another indicates that the first metal can displace the second from its aqueous salt solution. Arrows pointing to a reaction condition indicate the specific behavior of that metal with water. Based on these observations and the reactivity series, which of the following statements is correct?

Which of the following statements about the reaction of metals with $HNO_{3}$ is true?

In the thermite reaction, the reducing agent is:

Which of the following ions is formed by Nitrogen ($Z=7$)?

How many electrons are transferred to form one molecule of $AlCl_{3}$?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ionic compounds?

Which of the following is a liquid at room temperature but NOT an ionic compound?

An element $X$ reacts with Oxygen to form an ionic compound with the formula $X_2O$. The electron transfer during this process is illustrated in the diagram. If the ion $X^+$ formed in this reaction has a stable electronic configuration of $2, 8, 8$, which of the following is element $X$?

Which of the following ions has the same electronic configuration as Neon (2, 8)?

Formation of $Al_2O_3$ involves the transfer of how many total electrons from Aluminum atoms to Oxygen atoms?

When an ionic compound is dissolved in water, the process of ions being surrounded by water molecules is called:

Which of the following represents the correct order of increasing ionic character?

The melting point of $MgCl_2$ is lower than that of $MgO$. Which factor best explains this?

The reactivity series helps in determining:

What is the product when zinc carbonate is heated during calcination?

Roasting is usually done for which type of ores?

In the process of electrolysis, the electrolyte must be in:

Metals like Sodium ($Na$), Magnesium ($Mg$), and Calcium ($Ca$) are highly reactive and cannot be reduced from their oxides using carbon. Which of the following describes the correct method for their extraction?

In the extraction of copper from copper sulfide ($Cu_2S$), the ore is first roasted in air to produce copper oxide ($Cu_2O$). When the air supply is then reduced, the remaining $Cu_2S$ reacts with the $Cu_2O$ to produce metallic copper. This process is known as:

During the electrolytic reduction of molten alumina ($Al_2O_3$) in the extraction of aluminum, the carbon (graphite) anodes must be replaced periodically. What is the chemical reason for this?

During the electrolytic refining of copper, a student observes that the mass of the impure anode decreases by $30.0$ g over a certain period. If the mass of the pure copper deposited on the cathode increases by $28.5$ g and the total mass of soluble metallic impurities in the electrolyte increases by $0.5$ g, what is the mass of the 'anode mud' collected at the bottom of the tank?

Identify the incorrect pair of process and metal extraction step.

In the Bessemer process for steel, impurities like Carbon and Phosphorus are removed by:

What happens to the weight of iron when it rusts?

Which of the following statements about alloys is false?

The metal used for making the body of aircraft is usually an alloy of aluminium because it is:

If an iron object is painted, the paint prevents rust by:

In the electrolytic refining of copper, the anode is made of:

Which of the following prevents the corrosion of iron by forming a layer of $Fe_{3}O_{4}$ when iron reacts with steam?

An iron bridge is often coated with layers of paint. If the paint is chipped, why does the bridge continue to rust under the remaining paint?

In industrial applications, large underground iron pipelines are often protected from corrosion using 'Impressed Current Cathodic Protection' (ICCP). As shown in the diagram, an external DC power source is connected to the pipeline. Which of the following correctly identifies the connection for the pipeline and the scientific reasoning behind this method?

In the anodizing of aluminium, the electrolyte used is usually:

When iron rusts, its mass:

Which property of metals allows us to arrange them in a reactivity series?

Among the following, which metal will react with dilute acid at the slowest rate?

What is formed when Sodium reacts with water?

Which of the following metals is more reactive than Zinc?

A science student created a flowchart to summarize the general nature of oxides formed by metals and non-metals. Based on your understanding of the chemical properties of elements, which of the following pairs of elements correctly identifies 'P' and 'Q'?

Based on the reactivity series, which of the following is the most powerful reducing agent among the given metals?

Which of these metals will not displace Hydrogen from dilute acids?

A student reacts 2 moles of an unknown metal $M$ with 6 moles of Hydrochloric acid ($HCl$). The reaction produces 2 moles of a chloride salt with the formula $MCl_3$ and 3 moles of Hydrogen gas. The same metal $M$ is also found to react with hot Sodium hydroxide ($NaOH$) solution to form a salt $S$ and evolve Hydrogen gas. Based on this stoichiometry and chemical behavior, identify metal $M$ and the salt $S$.

An element $X$ belongs to Group 14 of the Periodic Table. It forms two gaseous oxides, $A$ and $B$. Oxide $A$ is a major contributor to the greenhouse effect and turns moist blue litmus paper red. Oxide $B$ is highly toxic and does not change the color of litmus paper. Another element $Y$ from Group 16 forms an oxide $C$ which, when dissolved in rain water, contributes significantly to the corrosion of marble monuments. Identify $A, B$, and $C$.

Concentrated Nitric acid ($HNO_3$) is a powerful oxidizing agent. When different metals are treated with this concentrated acid, the reaction often does not evolve Hydrogen gas, but instead produces nitrogen oxides or renders the metal passive. Based on the provided reaction flow, identify the correct combination of Metal ($M$) and the gas ($G$) evolved.

Ionic bonding occurs between:

Which gas configuration does a Fluoride ion ($F^-$) attain?

Electrovalent compounds are generally found as ________ solids.

What is the charge on the Oxide ion?

The melting point of Calcium Oxide ($CaO$) is $2845^\circ C$, while that of Sodium Chloride ($NaCl$) is $801^\circ C$. Observe the ion formation process in the flowchart below. What is the primary reason for the much higher melting point of $CaO$?

When Sodium (2, 8, 1) reacts with Chlorine (2, 8, 7), which shell of the Sodium atom is emptied?

The electronic configuration of Sodium is 2, 8, 1 and Oxygen is 2, 6. In $Na_2O$, the total number of electrons in the valence shells of all three ions combined (after bonding) is:

In an ionic solid $MCl_2$, the ion $M^{2+}$ has 18 electrons. The element $M$ is:

Which of the following transitions requires the most energy?

The high melting point of ionic solids is a result of:

Which of the following metals will not undergo corrosion even if left in moist air for a very long time?

In terms of chemical bonding, an alloy is typically considered a:

Which of the following is not a corrosive agent for iron?

Corrosion of which metal is often considered beneficial as it prevents further damage?

Anodizing is an electrochemical process that increases the thickness of the natural oxide layer on the surface of metal parts. As shown in the experimental setup below, a clean aluminum article is made the anode and is electrolyzed with dilute sulphuric acid. Which gas is evolved at the anode (Gas X) to react with the aluminum and form a thick protective oxide layer?

The method of 'Greasing' prevents rusting by:

Which of the following describes the nature of 'Rust'?

A droplet of saline water on an iron plate creates a localized electrochemical cell. It is observed that the metal directly under the center of the drop (where the oxygen supply is limited) undergoes pitting, while the metal at the edges of the drop (where oxygen is abundant) remains intact but is surrounded by rust deposits. Which statement best explains this observation?

In a galvanized iron sheet, if the zinc coating is removed from a small portion, the iron does not rust because:

Identify the incorrect pair of alloy and its constituent metals.

An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point. This compound is soluble in water. The element is likely to be:

Which of the following is a neutral oxide?

Copper reacts with moist carbon dioxide in the air and slowly loses its shiny brown surface and gains a green coat. This green substance is:

The atomic number of Magnesium is 12. How many electrons are in its outermost shell?

In the extraction of Zinc from its oxide, the ore is heated with Carbon. Based on the chemical reaction provided in the diagram, which statement is correct regarding the redox process?

Element X has an electronic configuration of 2, 8, 3 and element Y has an electronic configuration of 2, 6. Which of the following is the most likely formula for the compound formed between X and Y?

When Magnesium reacts with hot water, it begins to float on the surface of the water. Which of the following statements explains the reason for this floating behavior?

Amalgams are alloys in which one of the metals is always:

Anodizing is a process of forming a thick oxide layer of:

Which property of Graphite makes it useful as an electrode in dry cells?

The typical physical state of metals is solid. What is the reason for this?

Magnesium is a _____.

Copper is used in electric cables because it is:

Which of the following is the most malleable metal?

Which metal is stored under kerosene to prevent its reaction with oxygen and moisture?

Which of the following is true for most non-metals?

Alkali metals like Sodium and Potassium have low densities. What is the approximate relation of their density with water?

Which of the following properties is NOT shown by non-metals?

Which of the following statements about the density of metals is correct?

What is the reason why Graphite is used as a lubricant in heavy machinery?

Which of the following describes the nature of $K_2O$?

What is the chemical name of the compound formed by the reaction of Aluminum oxide and Hydrochloric acid?

Iron reacts with oxygen only on prolonged heating. What is the product?

Which of the following metals is less reactive than hydrogen?

Sodium and Potassium are highly reactive metals and are kept immersed in kerosene oil. What is the specific chemical reason for this storage method?

An iron nail is placed in a solution of Zinc Sulphate ($ZnSO_4$). What will be the observation after one hour, and what does it indicate about the reactivity of the metals?

A thin, protective oxide layer forms on the surface of metals like Aluminium, Zinc, and Lead at room temperature. What is the primary chemical effect of this layer on the underlying metal?

The chemical formula of Sodium Zincate is:

Which of the following metals does not react even with steam?

If metal A displaces metal B from its solution, and metal C displaces metal A from its solution, the order of reactivity is:

Which of the following is true for $MgCl_2$?

Which force is overcome when an ionic solid melts?

The number of electrons gained by Oxygen to complete its octet is:

Which of the following pairs will form an ionic bond?

The diagram below illustrates the electronic shell arrangements of two neutral atoms, X and Y, and their transformation into ions during the formation of an electrovalent bond. Based on this information, what is the chemical formula of the compound formed between X and Y?

In the formation of an ionic compound, a phosphorus atom ($Z=15$) reacts with metal atoms by accepting electrons to complete its valence shell. According to the process shown in the diagram, what is the electronic configuration of the resulting phosphide ion ($P^{3-}$)?

Potassium (Atomic Number 19) reacts with Chlorine. What is the formula of the compound formed?

A metal $M$ reacts with Oxygen to form an ionic oxide with the formula $M_2O$. If the cation $M^+$ in this compound possesses a total of 18 electrons, which of the following statements correctly identifies the metal $M$ and a physical property of $M_2O$?

Two elements, $X$ (Atomic No. 13) and $Y$ (Atomic No. 16), react to form a stable ionic compound. Which of the following correctly describes the stoichiometric ratio of $X$ to $Y$ in the resulting formula and the electronic configuration of the $Y$ ion after the reaction?

Which of the following is a characteristic of the $Cl^{-}$ ion?

Seawater contains soluble salts of which metals?

In the reduction of $ZnO$ to $Zn$ using Carbon, what is the byproduct gas?

Metals like $Na$ and $Mg$ are obtained by electrolysis of their chlorides in which state?

Which non-metal is used for the reduction of metal oxides of medium reactivity?

While metals like Gold are found almost exclusively in the native state in the Earth's crust, metals like Silver and Copper are found in both the native state and in the combined state as sulphide or oxide ores. Based on the provided flowchart and the activity series, what is the primary reason for this difference?

Which of the following metals is refined using the process of electrolytic refining?

What is the purpose of adding a flux during the smelting of an ore?

Which of the following describes the correct order of increasing reactivity based on the extraction methods: Metal A (reduced by heat), Metal B (reduced by Carbon), Metal C (reduced by Electrolysis)?

Which of the following is a disadvantage of Roasting compared to Calcination?

In the extraction of highly reactive metals like Sodium, why can't we use a reducing agent like Hydrogen?

Anodizing is a process of coating which metal with its own oxide?

Which of the following metals is used for sacrificial protection of iron?

In the term 'Basic copper carbonate', the word 'basic' refers to its:

Alloying of gold with copper makes gold:

In a laboratory experiment, iron nails are placed in three different aqueous environments: distilled water, tap water, and sea water. The diagram shows the observed rate of rust formation. Which of the following best explains why the rate of rusting is highest in sea water?

During the process of anodizing, a clean aluminum article is used as an electrode in an electrolytic cell containing dilute sulphuric acid ($H_2SO_4$). Based on the process shown in the diagram, which of the following correctly describes the formation of the protective layer?

Which of the following statements about corrosion is correct?

Duralumin is an alloy of Aluminum, Copper, Magnesium, and Manganese. What is its primary use due to its high strength and light weight?

In the context of alloys, which of the following statements is true?

Identify the incorrect statement regarding corrosion: