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Data Handling - Pictographs

Grade 3ICSE

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

🔑Concepts

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A pictograph uses pictures or symbols to represent data. It makes information easier to understand and compare at a glance.

Basic structure of a pictograph showing symbols and a key.
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The 'Key' is the most important part of a pictograph. It tells us the value of one single symbol (e.g., 11 smiley face = 1010 students).

An example of a pictograph key where one circle equals 5 apples.
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Sometimes a half-symbol is used. If a full symbol represents 22 items, a half-symbol represents 22=1\frac{2}{2} = 1 item.

Visualizing a full symbol versus a half symbol for calculating values.
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To find the total number for a category, multiply the number of symbols by the value given in the key.

Calculation flow for pictograph totals.

📐Formulae

Total Value=Number of Full Symbols×Value per Symbol\text{Total Value} = \text{Number of Full Symbols} \times \text{Value per Symbol}

Value of Half Symbol=Value of One Full Symbol2\text{Value of Half Symbol} = \frac{\text{Value of One Full Symbol}}{2}

Grand Total=Sum of values for all categories\text{Grand Total} = \text{Sum of values for all categories}

💡Examples

Problem 1:

A pictograph shows the number of cupcakes sold by a bakery. The key says: 11 cupcake symbol = 55 real cupcakes. If the row for 'Friday' has 66 cupcake symbols, how many cupcakes were sold on Friday?

Solution:

  1. Identify the value of one symbol from the key: 11 symbol = 55 cupcakes.
  2. Count the symbols for Friday: 66 symbols.
  3. Multiply the number of symbols by the key value: 6×5=306 \times 5 = 30.

Explanation:

To find the total, we take the count of pictures and multiply by what each picture stands for.

Problem 2:

In a school garden pictograph, 11 flower symbol = 44 plants. The 'Rose' section shows 22 full flower symbols and 11 half flower symbol. How many rose plants are there in total?

Solution:

  1. Value of 22 full symbols: 2×4=82 \times 4 = 8 plants.
  2. Value of 11 half symbol: 42=2\frac{4}{2} = 2 plants.
  3. Add the values together: 8+2=108 + 2 = 10 rose plants.

Explanation:

When we see a half symbol, we divide the key value by 22 and add it to the total of the full symbols.

Problem 3:

A pictograph tracks the number of books read by Grade 3 students. The key states: 11 book symbol = 1010 books. If the 'Science' row has 33 book symbols and 11 half-book symbol, calculate the total number of science books read.

Pictograph row showing three and a half rectangles representing books.

Solution:

  1. Identify the value of one full symbol: 1010 books.
  2. Identify the value of a half symbol: 10÷2=510 \div 2 = 5 books.
  3. Count full symbols: 33 symbols ×10=30\times 10 = 30 books.
  4. Add the half symbol: 30+5=3530 + 5 = 35 books. Total = 3535 books.

Explanation:

We multiply the number of whole symbols by the key value and then add the value of the partial symbol.

Problem 4:

A fruit seller uses a pictograph to show sales of oranges. If 11 orange symbol = 88 kg of oranges, and the pictograph shows 55 full orange symbols for Monday, how many kilograms of oranges were sold?

Pictograph with five circles representing orange sales for Monday.

Solution:

  1. Number of symbols = 55
  2. Value per symbol = 88 kg
  3. Total sales = 5×8=405 \times 8 = 40 kg Total = 4040 kg.

Explanation:

By looking at the key, we determine each symbol is 8 units. Since there are 5 symbols, we perform multiplication to find the sum.