Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.
🔑Concepts
Formaldehyde (): A aqueous solution of formaldehyde is known as Formalin, which is used for preserving biological specimens and in the manufacture of polymers like Bakelite.
Acetaldehyde (): Primarily used as a starting material in the manufacture of acetic acid (), ethyl acetate, vinyl acetate, and various drugs.
Benzaldehyde (): Used extensively in the perfumery and dye industries, and as a flavoring agent due to its characteristic bitter almond smell.
Acetone (): A common industrial solvent used for cellulose acetate, lacquers, and resins. It is also the primary component in nail polish removers.
Ketones in industry: Higher ketones like acetophenone () and benzophenone () are used in the preparation of perfumes and pharmaceuticals.
Flavoring and Fragrance: Many naturally occurring aldehydes and ketones are used for their pleasant odors, such as Vanillin (from vanilla beans) and Cinnamaldehyde (from cinnamon).
📐Formulae
💡Examples
Problem 1:
State the composition and one major use of Formalin.
Solution:
Formalin is a aqueous solution of Methanal (). It is used for the preservation of biological and anatomical specimens.
Explanation:
Formalin acts as a disinfectant and preservative by cross-linking primary amino groups in proteins through linkages, preventing decay.
Problem 2:
Which carbonyl compound is used in the manufacture of Bakelite?
Solution:
Formaldehyde ().
Explanation:
Formaldehyde undergoes a condensation polymerization reaction with Phenol () to produce Bakelite, a thermosetting polymer.
Problem 3:
Identify the ketone used as a solvent for cellulose acetate and nitrocellulose.
Solution:
Acetone (Propanone, ).
Explanation:
Acetone is an excellent polar aprotic solvent that effectively dissolves many organic compounds, making it ideal for industrial coatings and cleaning.