Organic Chemistry

Molecules with the same physical properties but different chemical properties.

Molecules with the same arrangement of atoms but different molecular formulas.

Molecules with different molecular formulas but the same empirical formula.

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms.

Ethanoic acid

Propanoic acid

Butanoic acid

Propan-1-ol

$C_{n}H_{2n}$

$C_{n}H_{n}$

$C_{n}H_{2n+2}$

$C_{n}H_{2n-2}$

Propan-2-ol

2-methylpropan-1-ol

Butan-2-ol

2-methylpropan-2-ol

Ethyl ethanoate

Propyl methanoate

Methyl propanoate

Methyl ethanoate

$C_nH_{2n}O$

$C_nH_{2n+2}O$

$C_nH_{2n}O_2$

$C_nH_{2n-2}O$

It involves the formation of a carbocation intermediate.

It is a two-step reaction mechanism.

It occurs most readily with tertiary halogenoalkanes.

It involves a single transition state.

Concentrated $HNO_{3}$ and concentrated $H_{2}SO_{4}$

Dilute $HNO_{3}$ and $FeBr_{3}$

Concentrated $HCl$ and $AlCl_{3}$

Liquid $NO_{2}$ and $V_{2}O_{5}$

Propan-1-ol

Propanal

Propanoic acid

Propan-2-ol

Ethyl propanoate

Propyl methanoate

Methyl ethanoate

Methyl propanoate

Concentrated $HNO_3$ and concentrated $HCl$

Concentrated $HNO_3$ and concentrated $H_2SO_4$

Dilute $HNO_3$ and concentrated $H_2SO_4$

Concentrated $HNO_3$ and $NaOH$

Ethanamine

Ethanoic acid

Propanenitrile

Ethanenitrile

The molecule must have at least one triple bond.

The molecule must have a chiral center.

The molecule must have at least four different functional groups.

There must be restricted rotation around a bond, usually a double bond or a ring.

$+180^{\circ}$

$-90^{\circ}$

$0^{\circ}$

It depends on the specific concentration of the isomers

Boiling point at standard pressure

Solubility in water

Density at room temperature

Direction of rotation of plane-polarized light