Acids and Bases

Only hydrogen gas is produced

A salt and water are produced

A salt and carbon dioxide are produced

No reaction occurs

$HCl$

$NaOH$

$NaHCO_3$

$H_2SO_4$

It is exactly 0

It is exactly 7

It is exactly 14

It is between 0 and 7

$SO_4^{2-}$

$H_2SO_4$

$H_2SO_3$

$H_3SO_4^+$

Endothermic

Exothermic

Isothermal

No energy change

3

7

11

14

High concentration of $OH^-$

Neutral

Very high concentration of $H^+$

Slightly acidic

4

10

14

7

Decreases by a factor of 1000

Increases by a factor of 3

Increases by a factor of 1000

Decreases by a factor of 3

$HA(aq) + H_2O(l) \rightarrow H_3O^+(aq) + A^-(aq)$

$HA(aq) + H_2O(l) \rightleftharpoons H_3O^+(aq) + A^-(aq)$

$HA(aq) \rightarrow H^+(aq) + A^-(aq)$

$HA(aq) + OH^-(aq) \rightarrow A^-(aq) + H_2O(l)$

$0.1\ mol\ dm^{-3}\ HCl$

$0.1\ mol\ dm^{-3}\ NaOH$

$0.1\ mol\ dm^{-3}\ NH_3$

$Pure\ water$

$KOH$

$NaOH$

$NH_3$

$Ca(OH)_2$

Acidic snow falling on a mountain

Sulfur dioxide gas being absorbed by a leaf

Acidic rain washing away nutrients

Sleet containing nitric acid

Nitric acid

Nitrous acid

Hydronitric acid

Hyponitrous acid

Decreased availability of $Ca^{2+}$

Increased availability of $OH^-$

Increased $pH$ of the soil

Decreased solubility of heavy metals