Movement in and out of Cells

Oxygen

Glucose

Carbon dioxide

Water

It would double

It would stay the same

It would decrease

It would increase fourfold

It increases the concentration gradient

It provides a short diffusion distance

It increases the temperature of the blood

It acts as a filter for large proteins

Diffusion occurs 'up' the gradient

Diffusion occurs 'down' the gradient

Diffusion is not affected by the gradient

Active transport occurs 'down' the gradient

Because their cells are too small for diffusion to work.

Because their surface area to volume ratio is too small for diffusion across the skin to suffice.

Because diffusion only occurs in single-celled organisms.

Because they need to move substances against concentration gradients.

The movement of water up a capillary tube.

A drop of ink spreading out in a still glass of water.

The contraction of a muscle fiber.

The boiling of water in a kettle.

Carbon dioxide is rapidly used up in the Calvin cycle inside chloroplasts.

The stomata close to prevent carbon dioxide from escaping.

The plant pumps carbon dioxide out of the air spaces.

Water evaporates to push carbon dioxide into the cells.

Charge > Size > Concentration gradient

Concentration gradient > Lipid solubility > Size/Charge

Size > Temperature > Concentration gradient

Volume > Surface area > Membrane thickness

Water can no longer enter the cell

The rate of water diffusion (osmosis) across the membrane significantly decreases

Water is forced to move via active transport

The cell will immediately burst

Because oxygen molecules are too large

Because the distance is so great that the time required, which is proportional to the square of the distance, exceeds the organism's lifespan

Because the external concentration is always too low

Because the internal cells consume the oxygen before it can reach the center

A concentration gradient

Water molecules

A partially permeable membrane

ATP from respiration

It becomes turgid

It becomes plasmolysed

It stays flaccid

It bursts

Pure oxygen

Cell sap

Cytoplasm

Chlorophyll

Red blood cell

Guard cell

Root hair cell

Palisade cell

There is no net movement of water.

Water moves into the cell only.

Water moves out of the cell only.

Water potential increases to $0\ kPa$.

$-600\ kPa$

$-1400\ kPa$

$600\ kPa$

$1400\ kPa$

Guard cells take in water by osmosis and become turgid.

Guard cells lose water by osmosis and become flaccid.

Guard cells actively pump water out into the epidermal cells.

The water potential of guard cells increases, causing water to leave.

Net movement into the cell.

Net movement out of the cell.

No net movement.

Movement depends on the pressure potential of the cell.

The total amount of water in a system.

The tendency of water to move from one area to another.

The speed at which water molecules move.

The volume of water that can be absorbed by a cell.

Water moves toward the sucrose solution.

Water moves toward the glucose solution.

There is no net movement of water.

Both solutes move across the membrane until equilibrium is reached.

Adenosine triphosphate

Active transport protein

Ammonia tri-phosphate

Adenine total phosphorus

To produce mucus

To provide energy for active transport of glucose

To produce urea

To provide energy for osmosis

Diffusion uses $ATP$, active transport does not

Active transport uses $ATP$, diffusion does not

Both use $ATP$

Neither uses $ATP$

Only certain cells can do it

Only specific molecules are transported by specific proteins

It only happens at night

It only happens in water

Active transport requires phospholipids, while diffusion does not.

Diffusion requires proteins, while active transport uses the bilayer.

Active transport requires carrier proteins, while simple diffusion does not.

Both processes use the same channel proteins.

Glucose is excreted in the urine.

Glucose is completely reabsorbed into the blood.

Glucose is converted into glycogen in the kidney.

Glucose is broken down to release urea.

Both require ATP.

Both involve the movement of water molecules.

Both require a partially permeable membrane.

Both move substances against a concentration gradient.

Release of the phosphate group to return the protein to its original shape.

Binding of a second ATP molecule to provide extra energy.

Diffusion of the solute back out of the cell to reset the gradient.

A change in the pH of the surrounding cytoplasm.

Because nitrates are large molecules that cannot fit through the membrane.

Because the concentration of nitrates in the soil is usually much lower than inside the root cell.

Because nitrates must be converted into ammonia as they enter the cell.

Because water moves out of the cell as nitrates move in.

The ions are moving so fast they cannot bind to the carrier.

The ATP molecules are breaking down due to the heat before they can reach the pump.

The carrier proteins are denaturing, losing their specific 3D shape and function.

The membrane is becoming too liquid, allowing the ions to diffuse out as fast as they are pumped in.