Inheritance

What holds the code for a single protein?

Which term describes an allele that is only expressed if two copies are present?

Which of the following is a primary role of chromosomes?

How many pairs of chromosomes are found in a normal human body cell?

Which of the following molecules contains a deoxyribose sugar?

What does it mean if an individual is described as being 'homozygous' for a particular gene?

If a template DNA strand has the sequence $GCA$, what is the sequence of the corresponding mRNA codon?

A specific gene codes for a functional protein containing 60 amino acids. A point mutation occurs, changing the $41^{st}$ mRNA codon from $U-G-G$ to $U-G-A$. During the translation process, amino acids are linked via condensation reactions. Based on the diagram and your knowledge of protein synthesis, how many fewer water molecules are released during the synthesis of the polypeptide from the mutated mRNA compared to the original mRNA?

A researcher discovers a mutation in a gene that prevents the mRNA from binding to the ribosome. This would directly stop which process?

What is the main reason that the two strands of DNA can be separated relatively easily during processes like replication and transcription?

The location of a specific gene on a chromosome is known as its:

In a cross between $BB$ and $BB$, what percentage of the offspring will have the genotype $BB$?

Which allele is always expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygous individual?

If two $F_1$ plants from a $YY \times yy$ cross are bred together, the resulting generation is called:

In the following cross, what proportion of the offspring are expected to be heterozygous?

In humans, brown eyes ($B$) are generally dominant over blue eyes ($b$). If two brown-eyed parents have a blue-eyed child, what is the probability that their next child will also have blue eyes?

When Mendel crossed pure-breeding tall plants with pure-breeding short plants, why were no short plants seen in the $F_1$ generation?

A researcher is studying a trait in a population where 16% of individuals show the recessive phenotype. If the population is in equilibrium, what is the estimated frequency of the heterozygous genotype?

In a cross between two individuals that are heterozygous for a recessive lethal allele (meaning $aa$ individuals die before birth), what is the expected proportion of the surviving offspring that will be carriers of the lethal allele?

An organism has the genotype $Tt$. During meiosis, the alleles $T$ and $t$ separate. What is the name of this principle discovered by Mendel?

Which of the following is produced via mitosis?

Which phase of mitosis involves chromosomes becoming shorter and thicker?

A fruit fly has 8 chromosomes in its body cells. How many chromosomes are in its gametes?

Which process results in the formation of a zygote?

Which of the following occurs during the 'M' phase of the cell cycle?

At the end of Meiosis II, each of the four daughter cells contains:

What is the primary evolutionary advantage of sexual reproduction compared to asexual reproduction?

Given a species with $2n = 4$, if a nondisjunction event occurs for all chromosomes during Meiosis I, and the resulting gametes are fertilized by normal haploid gametes, what will be the ploidy of the offspring?

Which of the following characterizes 'Anaphase B' of mitosis?

In a cell undergoing meiosis, if crossing over happens between sister chromatids instead of non-sister chromatids, what is the genetic consequence?