Animal Physiology (AHL)

Naive B-cells

Memory cells

Mast cells

Macrophage cells

Artificial active immunity

Natural active immunity

Artificial passive immunity

Natural passive immunity

Engulfing and digesting pathogens via endocytosis

Presenting antigens to inactive T-helper cells

Secreting large quantities of specific antibodies

Killing virus-infected host cells directly

Myosin filament

Sarcomere

Actin filament

H-zone

T-tubules

Mitochondria

Sarcolemma

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

To provide a surface for muscle attachment

To lubricate the joint and reduce friction

To act as a hard shield against physical impact

To stimulate the release of neurotransmitters

Glomerulus $\rightarrow$ Proximal Tubule $\rightarrow$ Loop of Henle $\rightarrow$ Distal Tubule

Glomerulus $\rightarrow$ Loop of Henle $\rightarrow$ Proximal Tubule $\rightarrow$ Distal Tubule

Proximal Tubule $\rightarrow$ Glomerulus $\rightarrow$ Distal Tubule $\rightarrow$ Loop of Henle

Distal Tubule $\rightarrow$ Loop of Henle $\rightarrow$ Proximal Tubule $\rightarrow$ Glomerulus

It decreases the permeability of the collecting duct to water.

It increases the permeability of the collecting duct to water.

It stimulates the active transport of glucose in the proximal tubule.

It increases the blood pressure within the afferent arteriole.

Proximal convoluted tubule

Loop of Henle

Glomerulus

Collecting duct

A large cytoplasm containing yolk reserves

A diploid nucleus

Multiple flagella for increased motility

An acrosome containing digestive enzymes

To allow the sperm nucleus to enter the egg

To prevent polyspermy by hardening the zona pellucida

To stimulate the completion of Meiosis I in the oocyte

To digest the protective layer of follicle cells around the egg

Oviduct

Uterus

Ovary

Cervix