Human Reproduction
Each subtopic includes About section, revision page link, 10 preview questions, and practice CTAs.
Male Reproductive System
SubtopicMale Reproductive System under Human Reproduction for Grade 12 CBSE.
Preview questions (no answers)
- 1.
Which of the following is a major androgen produced in the human male?
A.Progesterone
B.Estrogen
C.Testosterone
D.Insulin
- 2.
What is the name of the duct that is the common passage for both urine and semen in males?
A.Ureter
B.Urethra
C.Vas deferens
D.Vasa efferentia
- 3.
Leydig cells are also known by which other name?
A.Nurse cells
B.Interstitial cells
C.Spermatozoa
D.Germinal epithelium
- 4.
Which gland's secretion is often associated with neutralizing acidity in the urethra?
A.Bulbourethral glands
B.Seminal vesicles
C.Testis
D.Adrenal glands
- 5.
What is the primary function of the ejaculatory duct?
A.To produce sperm
B.To store and transport sperm from the vas deferens to the urethra
C.To nourish the sperm with fructose
D.To protect the sperm from the acidic environment of the vagina
- 6.
Which of the following statements about the male reproductive system is correct?
A.The testes are abdominal throughout life
B.The prostate gland is a paired accessory gland
C.The vasa efferentia conduct sperm from the rete testis to the epididymis
D.The scrotum maintains a temperature higher than the body temperature
- 7.
The seminiferous tubules are the structural and functional units of the testis. How many such tubules are typically found within a single testicular lobule?
A.Only 1
B.Exactly 250
C.1 to 3
D.10 to 15
- 8.
In a vasectomy, which part of the male reproductive tract is ligated? Does it affect the production of testosterone?
A.Vasa efferentia; Yes, it stops production
B.Vas deferens; No, it does not affect production
C.Ejaculatory duct; Yes, it increases production
D.Seminal vesicle; No, it does not affect production
- 9.
Which cell type in the male reproductive system is characterized by the presence of 'Reinke's crystals' in the cytoplasm?
A.Sertoli cell
B.Leydig cell
C.Spermatogonium
D.Epididymal principal cell
- 10.
What happens to the level of GnRH if the Leydig cells are hyperactive and produce excessive testosterone?
A.GnRH levels increase to further stimulate the testis
B.GnRH levels decrease due to negative feedback on the hypothalamus
C.GnRH levels remain constant as it only responds to FSH
D.GnRH is converted into LH by the pituitary
Download the worksheet for Human Reproduction - Male Reproductive System to practice offline. It includes additional chapter-level practice questions.
Female Reproductive System
SubtopicFemale Reproductive System under Human Reproduction for Grade 12 CBSE.
Preview questions (no answers)
- 1.
The opening of the cervix into the vagina is part of the:
A.External genitalia
B.Birth canal
C.Ovarian stroma
D.Infundibulum
- 2.
The middle layer of the uterus is composed of:
A.Skeletal muscle
B.Smooth muscle
C.Cardiac muscle
D.Fibrous tissue
- 3.
Which part of the female reproductive tract receives the penis during coitus?
A.Uterus
B.Oviduct
C.Vagina
D.Ovary
- 4.
The infundibulum possesses finger-like projections called:
A.Villi
B.Fimbriae
C.Flagella
D.Cilia
- 5.
Identify the correct anatomical location of the ovaries in the human body.
A.Upper abdominal cavity
B.One on each side of the lower abdomen
C.Inside the pelvic girdle, superior to the kidneys
D.Between the bladder and the rectum
- 6.
The inner glandular layer of the uterus that lines the uterine cavity is the:
A.Myometrium
B.Endometrium
C.Perimetrium
D.Serosa
- 7.
The opening of the vagina is often partially covered by a membrane called the:
A.Clitoris
B.Hymen
C.Mons pubis
D.Perineum
- 8.
Which specific hormone suppresses the release of during the luteal phase, preventing the development of new follicles during an ongoing pregnancy or the latter half of a cycle?
A.Activin
B.Inhibin A
C.GnRH
D.Relaxin
- 9.
The process by which the endometrium becomes prepared for implantation, involving the transformation of stromal fibroblasts into secretory cells, is called:
A.Luteolysis
B.Decidualization
C.Atresia
D.Capacitation
- 10.
If the 'Ampullary-isthmic junction' is blocked due to inflammation (Salpingitis), what is the most likely clinical consequence?
A.Failure of ovulation
B.Amenorrhea (absence of menstruation)
C.Infertility due to failure of sperm and egg to meet
D.Increased production of milk
Download the worksheet for Human Reproduction - Female Reproductive System to practice offline. It includes additional chapter-level practice questions.
Gametogenesis (Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis)
SubtopicGametogenesis (Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis) under Human Reproduction for Grade 12 CBSE.
Preview questions (no answers)
- 1.
The second meiotic division in spermatogenesis results in the formation of:
A.Two secondary spermatocytes
B.Four spermatids
C.One primary spermatocyte
D.Two spermatozoa
- 2.
In the female, the primary oocytes are formed within the fetal ovary:
A.After birth
B.During embryonic development
C.At puberty
D.During the menstrual cycle
- 3.
The cells that are scattered in the interstitial spaces of the testis are:
A.Sertoli cells
B.Leydig cells
C.Germ cells
D.Follicular cells
- 4.
Which cell is the direct precursor to a spermatid?
A.Spermatogonium
B.Primary spermatocyte
C.Secondary spermatocyte
D.Spermatozoon
- 5.
In the process of human oogenesis, the primary oocyte undergoes its first meiotic division to form a secondary oocyte and a first polar body. Within which specific stage of follicular development does this division typically reach completion?
A.Primary follicle
B.Secondary follicle
C.Tertiary follicle
D.Corpus luteum
- 6.
Which of the following describes the multiplication phase of gametogenesis correctly?
A.Primary oocytes undergoing Meiosis I
B.Spermatogonia undergoing mitosis to increase their number
C.Spermatids transforming into sperm
D.Completion of Meiosis II after fertilization
- 7.
The corona radiata is a layer of cells that surrounds which of the following?
A.The primary spermatocyte
B.The mature follicle
C.The ovulated secondary oocyte
D.The spermatid
- 8.
The middle piece of the sperm contains mitochondria arranged in a spiral. What provides the energy source (substrate) for these mitochondria to produce ATP while the sperm is in the female tract?
A.Glucose from the oocyte
B.Fructose from the seminal vesicle fluid
C.Glycogen stored in the sperm head
D.Lipids from the Sertoli cells
- 9.
Compared to the primary spermatocyte, the spermatid has:
A.Half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA
B.Half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA
C.Same number of chromosomes but half the amount of DNA
D.Double the number of chromosomes
- 10.
In the human male, the first signs of puberty are initiated by the secretion of GnRH from the hypothalamus. Which specific pattern of GnRH secretion is required for the onset of gametogenesis?
A.Continuous secretion
B.Pulsatile secretion
C.Diurnal secretion (only at night)
D.Inhibitory secretion
Download the worksheet for Human Reproduction - Gametogenesis (Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis) to practice offline. It includes additional chapter-level practice questions.
Menstrual Cycle
SubtopicMenstrual Cycle under Human Reproduction for Grade 12 CBSE.
Preview questions (no answers)
- 1.
Which hormone's withdrawal leads to the shedding of the endometrium?
A.Testosterone
B.Progesterone
C.FSH
D.Oxytocin
- 2.
Which event marks the end of the reproductive phase in human females?
A.Menarche
B.First pregnancy
C.Menopause
D.Lactation
- 3.
What initiates the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?
A.Secretion of LH only
B.Secretion of gonadotropins (FSH/LH)
C.Secretion of progesterone by the uterus
D.Degeneration of the oocyte
- 4.
The regeneration of the endometrium during the follicular phase is primarily due to the action of:
A.Progesterone
B.Estrogen
C.Relaxin
D.LH
- 5.
Which statement is true regarding the menstrual cycle in human females?
A.The cycle stops during lactation completely for 2 years
B.The cycle is a series of events involving the ovary and the uterus
C.LH and FSH are at their lowest during ovulation
D.Progesterone is at its peak during the follicular phase
- 6.
The primary oocyte completes its first meiotic division within the:
A.Primary follicle
B.Tertiary follicle
C.Secondary follicle
D.Fallopian tube
- 7.
What is the state of the follicle remnants after the oocyte has been released?
A.They immediately exit the ovary
B.They transform into the corpus luteum
C.They become the primary follicle for the next cycle
D.They dissolve into the pelvic cavity
- 8.
Which cellular change is directly induced by the LH surge in the oocyte just before its release?
A.Resumption of Meiosis I and completion of the first cytokinesis
B.Completion of Meiosis II
C.The beginning of DNA replication for mitosis
D.The fusion of the two polar bodies
- 9.
During the proliferative phase, the growth of the endometrium is primarily driven by which hormone?
A.Progesterone
B.LH
C.Estrogen (Estradiol)
D.FSH
- 10.
Why does only one follicle usually become dominant despite several being recruited by FSH?
A.The dominant follicle becomes more sensitive to decreasing FSH levels while others become FSH-deprived
B.The dominant follicle secretes a toxin that kills other follicles
C.The dominant follicle is the only one with an oocyte
D.The other follicles convert into sperm cells
Download the worksheet for Human Reproduction - Menstrual Cycle to practice offline. It includes additional chapter-level practice questions.
Fertilization and Implantation
SubtopicFertilization and Implantation under Human Reproduction for Grade 12 CBSE.
Preview questions (no answers)
- 1.
The actual fusion of the male and female gametic nuclei during fertilization is called:
A.Amphimixis
B.Ovulation
C.Menstruation
D.Syngamy
- 2.
The sex chromosomal composition of a normal human female is:
A.B.C.D. - 3.
Where is the blastocoel located?
A.Inside the morula
B.Inside the ovary
C.Inside the blastocyst
D.Inside the sperm head
- 4.
A human zygote is technically a:
A.Single diploid cell
B.Multicellular haploid structure
C.Single haploid cell
D.Multicellular diploid structure
- 5.
Which of the following hormonal changes is critical for the 'decidualization' of the endometrium?
A.A drop in progesterone levels
B.High levels of progesterone following ovulation and fertilization
C.High levels of FSH
D.Complete absence of estrogen
- 6.
What happens to the polar bodies produced during oogenesis and fertilization?
A.They become the trophoblast
B.They eventually degenerate and are reabsorbed
C.They fuse to form the placenta
D.They provide the first nutrients to the zygote
- 7.
The time window during which the endometrium is receptive to the blastocyst for implantation is often referred to as the:
A.Fertilization window
B.Implantation window
C.Secretory phase window
D.Luteal window
- 8.
The 'Heuser's membrane' (exocoelomic membrane) is formed by the migration of cells from the:
A.Epiblast
B.Hypoblast
C.Syncytiotrophoblast
D.Cytotrophoblast
- 9.
Which of the following statements about the 'morula' is correct?
A.It contains a large fluid-filled cavity.
B.It is the stage that implants in the uterine wall.
C.It is a solid ball of 16-32 cells still surrounded by the zona pellucida.
D.The cells of the morula are already differentiated into ectoderm.
- 10.
The first cleavage division in a human zygote typically occurs how many hours after fertilization?
A.1-2 hours
B.12-15 hours
C.24-30 hours
D.72-80 hours
Download the worksheet for Human Reproduction - Fertilization and Implantation to practice offline. It includes additional chapter-level practice questions.
Pregnancy and Embryonic Development
SubtopicPregnancy and Embryonic Development under Human Reproduction for Grade 12 CBSE.
Preview questions (no answers)
- 1.
In the early stages of human embryonic development, the zygote undergoes a series of rapid mitotic divisions to form a solid ball of 8 to 16 blastomeres. Based on the sequence shown, what is this specific stage called?
A.Morula
B.Blastocyst
C.Gastrula
D.Trophoblast
- 2.
Which event happens at the end of the second trimester (approx. 24 weeks)?
A.Fetus develops limbs and digits
B.Body is covered with fine hair and eyelids separate
C.First fetal movement is felt
D.The embryo becomes a blastocyst
- 3.
Immediately after implantation, the inner cell mass differentiates into an outer layer called ______ and an inner layer called ______.
A.Mesoderm, Endoderm
B.Ectoderm, Endoderm
C.Trophoblast, Ectoderm
D.Myometrium, Endometrium
- 4.
The increase in maternal prolactin during pregnancy is mainly to:
A.Increase blood pressure
B.Prepare mammary glands for lactation
C.Stimulate the thyroid gland
D.Regulate salt balance
- 5.
The process by which the blastocyst becomes embedded in the endometrium of the uterus is called:
A.Fertilization
B.Gastrulation
C.Implantation
D.Parturition
- 6.
The placenta acts as an endocrine tissue. Which of the following sets of hormones is produced by it?
A., Estrogens, Progestogens
B., FSH, LH, Estrogens
C., Oxytocin, Vasopressin, Progesterone
D.Relaxin, Prolactin, , FSH
- 7.
Which of the following is the correct definition of 'Gestation period' in humans?
A.The time from ovulation to fertilization
B.The time from fertilization to the birth of the baby
C.The duration of the menstrual cycle
D.The time from birth to the onset of puberty
- 8.
Why is the first milk produced by the mother, colostrum, yellowish in color?
A.Due to a high concentration of fats and lipids.
B.Due to the presence of carotenoids and a high protein content.
C.Because it contains fetal waste products like meconium.
D.Because it is rich in glucose and riboflavin.
- 9.
The 'Epiblast' layer is responsible for forming which of the following during gastrulation?
A.Only the ectoderm.
B.Only the endoderm.
C.All three primary germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm).
D.Only the extra-embryonic membranes.
- 10.
What is the primary function of the 'Syncytiotrophoblast' during implantation?
A.To produce the amniotic fluid.
B.To erode the endometrial lining using lytic enzymes for invasion.
C.To form the primitive streak.
D.To differentiate into the ectoderm and endoderm.
Download the worksheet for Human Reproduction - Pregnancy and Embryonic Development to practice offline. It includes additional chapter-level practice questions.
Parturition and Lactation
SubtopicParturition and Lactation under Human Reproduction for Grade 12 CBSE.
Preview questions (no answers)
- 1.
Breastfeeding helps the mother's uterus return to its normal size more quickly because:
A.Suckling induces oxytocin release, which causes uterine contractions
B.Milk production uses up all the body's energy
C.Prolactin causes the uterus to shrink
D.It prevents the mother from eating too much
- 2.
Which of these changes does NOT occur during parturition?
A.Cervical dilation
B.Uterine contractions
C.Placental expulsion
D.Ovulation
- 3.
What is the function of the mammary ampulla?
A.To produce antibodies
B.To act as a reservoir for milk storage before ejection
C.To produce progesterone
D.To connect the ovary to the uterus
- 4.
The term 'Lactogenesis' refers to:
A.The death of mammary cells
B.The initiation of milk secretion
C.The process of fertilization
D.The formation of the placenta
- 5.
What physiological event triggers the transition from the dilation stage to the expulsion stage of labor?
A.The delivery of the placenta.
B.The complete dilation of the cervix.
C.The first cry of the newborn.
D.The formation of the corpus albicans.
- 6.
The hormone responsible for the 'Ejection' of milk acts on which of the following?
A.Smooth muscles of the uterus and myoepithelial cells of the breast.
B.Skeletal muscles of the abdominal wall.
C.The epithelial lining of the lactiferous ducts.
D.The glandular cells of the anterior pituitary.
- 7.
Which of these is a likely consequence if the signal from the fully developed fetus is weak or absent?
A.Preterm labor will occur spontaneously.
B.The onset of labor will be delayed.
C.The mother will produce excess colostrum early.
D.The placenta will detach prematurely.
- 8.
During the final days of pregnancy, the 'lightening' or 'dropping' of the fetus occurs. What is the physiological cause of this?
A.The engagement of the fetal head into the true pelvis
B.The sudden loss of half the amniotic fluid volume
C.The contraction of the diaphragm pushing the uterus downward
D.The complete relaxation of the abdominal wall
- 9.
Which of the following represents a 'hard-wired' evolutionary benefit of the pain associated with labor contractions?
A.It triggers the release of endorphins and promotes maternal-infant bonding behaviors
B.It ensures the mother remains stationary during the expulsion of the fetus
C.It prevents the fetus from being born too quickly, which could damage the brain
D.It stimulates the maternal immune system to protect against infection
- 10.
What is the role of 'Oxytocinase' in the maternal blood during the later stages of pregnancy?
A.It degrades circulating oxytocin to prevent premature labor
B.It converts oxytocin into a precursor for prostaglandin synthesis
C.It assists oxytocin in crossing the placental barrier
D.It increases the half-life of oxytocin once labor begins
Download the worksheet for Human Reproduction - Parturition and Lactation to practice offline. It includes additional chapter-level practice questions.