Transport in Plants

To keep the water inside the tube

To allow water to exit into the pith

To prevent the plant from getting too heavy

To make the stem flexible

It only occurs during the night

It moves materials from source to sink

It only moves materials from roots to leaves

It does not require any living cells

Active transport in the leaves

Evaporation of water from the leaves

Gravity pulling water down

The pumping action of the roots

Transporting water upwards

Protecting the root hair

Storing starch and allowing water to move to the center

Producing sucrose by photosynthesis

To transport water and minerals

To produce new xylem and phloem cells

To store sugars as starch

To regulate the opening of stomata

High transpiration rates at night

Root pressure when transpiration is low and soil moisture is high

Osmotic pressure in the phloem

Excessive sugar production in the leaves

They are arranged in a neat ring

They are scattered throughout the stem

They are found only in the very center

They are absent in monocot stems

To prevent the leaves from wilting due to heat

To prevent air from entering the xylem and breaking the continuous water column

To ensure the plant can absorb water through the bark

To wash away any pathogens that might clog the xylem

The leaf

The dicot stem

The dicot root

The monocot stem

Vessel elements are living, allowing for active control of water flow

Vessel elements have a larger diameter and lack end walls, reducing resistance to flow

Vessel elements are less likely to undergo cavitation (embolism)

Vessel elements can transport sucrose as well as water

They will take in more water

They will lose water by osmosis

They will explode

They will start photosynthesizing

A sunny, windy day

A hot, dry afternoon

A cold, humid, still night

A warm, bright morning

To protect the root hair cells

To allow water to move from the root hair to the center of the root

To perform photosynthesis

To produce seeds

Active transport

Diffusion

Osmosis

Bulk flow

The water potential of the soil is lower than the water potential of the cell sap.

The water potential of the soil is higher than the water potential of the cell sap.

The cell sap is more dilute than the soil water.

The root hair cell uses ATP to pump water molecules inside.

Transpiration will stop completely because the roots stop absorbing water.

Transpiration will decrease because stomata will close.

Transpiration will increase because the plant needs to find light.

The xylem will start transporting sugar instead of water.

Osmotic pressure

Cohesion between water molecules

Root pressure

Active transport

Because the cavity is so large that water vapor can accumulate without limit.

Because the surfaces of the mesophyll cells are constantly wet, keeping the air in the cavity saturated (100% relative humidity).

Because the stomata only open when the air outside is also at 100% humidity.

Because the guard cells actively pump water vapor into the cavity.

It helps in the transport of oxygen to the roots.

It provides a cooling effect for the leaves as water evaporates.

It increases the rate of respiration in the mesophyll cells.

It prevents the leaves from absorbing too much carbon dioxide.

From the root cortex into the soil.

From the soil into the root cortex.

There will be no net movement of water.

The water will move into the root cortex only if ATP is used.

Unloading

Loading

Evaporating

Filtering

Sugar moving from leaves to roots

Sugar moving from a storage bulb to a developing flower

Water moving from roots to leaves

Oxygen moving from leaves to the air

To move water to the fruits

To move sugars to the developing fruits

To remove waste from the fruits

To keep the fruits cool

Sieve tube element

Xylem vessel

Companion cell

Epidermal cell

An area where sucrose is produced

An area where sucrose is used or stored

The part of the plant where water is absorbed

The site of transpiration on the leaf surface

Sunlight directly

ATP produced by the companion cells

The kinetic energy of flowing water

Heat energy from the environment

Placing a cut stem in a beaker of colored dye

Measuring the rate of water loss from a leaf using a potometer

Using radioactive $^{14}C$ and detecting it in the phloem tissue

Testing the leaves for the presence of starch using iodine

By transporting oxygen for their respiration.

By providing the products of photosynthesis which they cannot produce themselves.

By moving water to them so they can perform photosynthesis in the dark.

By removing the toxic waste products of their metabolism.

Cell walls and intercellular spaces.

Plasmodesmata connecting the cytoplasm of adjacent cells.

The transpiration stream in the xylem.

Carrier proteins in the plasma membrane.

Inversely proportional: more photosynthesis leads to lower pressure as sucrose is used up.

Directly proportional: more photosynthesis leads to more sucrose loading, which increases pressure.

No relationship: the pressure is maintained at a constant level by the roots.

Photosynthesis only affects the xylem, while the phloem is affected by soil nutrients.