Plant Nutrition

The enzymes involved work very slowly

There is too much carbon dioxide

The chlorophyll turns blue

The stomata stay open too long

Glucose

Water

Sunlight

Soil nutrients

To absorb minerals from the soil

To allow gas exchange between the leaf and the atmosphere

To manufacture chlorophyll

To support the weight of the leaf

To be closer to the stomata for oxygen release

To absorb the most sunlight

To prevent water from evaporating

To strengthen the leaf structure

1: $O_{2}$, 2: Water, 3: $CO_{2}$, 4: Sucrose

1: $CO_{2}$, 2: Water, 3: $O_{2}$, 4: Sucrose

1: $CO_{2}$, 2: Sucrose, 3: $O_{2}$, 4: Water

1: Water, 2: $CO_{2}$, 3: $O_{2}$, 4: Starch

Yellowing of the leaves (chlorosis)

Poor root growth

Stunted growth and yellow older leaves

Inability to flower

Glucose

Starch

Chemical energy (ATP/NADPH)

Water

ATP is the source of carbon atoms for the glucose molecule.

ATP provides the energy required to convert inorganic $CO_2$ into organic sugar molecules.

ATP is a waste product of photosynthesis released into the atmosphere.

ATP acts as a catalyst to speed up the photolysis of water.

Starch levels will increase as the plant tries to compensate.

Starch levels will decrease because no new glucose is produced to replace what is used in respiration.

Starch levels will stay the same because the light-independent stage is not affected.

Starch will be converted to proteins to bypass the block.

Bubbles are pure $CO_2$; the limitation is that they dissolve too quickly.

Bubbles are mostly $O_2$; the limitation is that some oxygen is used for respiration and doesn't form bubbles.

Bubbles are nitrogen; the limitation is that they only form in bright light.

Bubbles are water vapor; the limitation is that they depend on the temperature of the beaker.

Xylem

Phloem

Cuticle

Upper epidermis

Inside the xylem

In the air spaces of the spongy mesophyll

On the surface of the cuticle

Inside the palisade cells

A layer of living cells

A non-cellular waxy layer

A group of transport tubes

A pore for gas exchange

Through the stomata

Through the petiole in xylem vessels

Through the cuticle

By falling onto the leaf surface

Layer B

Structure D

Tissue C

Layer A

It increases because the leaf gets warmer

It stops or significantly decreases due to lack of $CO_2$

It stays the same because $CO_2$ is produced by respiration

It increases because more water is available for the reaction

Cell wall

Nucleus

Chloroplasts

Cytoplasm

Maximizing light capture vs. minimizing water loss

Maximizing oxygen production vs. minimizing $CO_{2}$ uptake

Increasing leaf thickness vs. increasing leaf strength

Having many stomata vs. having many chloroplasts

Thin, flexible cell walls

Lignin reinforcement in the cell walls

The presence of numerous chloroplasts

Large air spaces between the xylem vessels

Increased growth due to higher $CO_{2}$ levels

Rapid wilting and death due to excessive transpiration in direct sunlight

Improved cooling of the leaf surface

Increased rate of sugar transport to the roots

Nitrates destroy enzymes

Nitrates are used to build the amino acids that make up enzymes

Enzymes produce nitrates from sunlight

There is no relationship

Magnesium

Carbon dioxide

Oxygen

Water

Magnesium

Nitrogen (as Nitrates)

Helium

Chlorine

To absorb minerals from the soil

To transport dissolved minerals upwards to the leaves

To transport sugars downwards to the roots

To produce minerals via chemical reactions

Nitrate ions are lighter than air.

Roots need oxygen to produce ATP for active transport of nitrates.

Compacted soil physically blocks the nitrate ions from moving.

Oxygen reacts with nitrate to make it more soluble.

It has no effect because fruit doesn't contain chlorophyll.

It reduces yield because less glucose is produced for fruit growth.

It increases yield because the plant tries to reproduce before it dies.

It reduces yield by making the fruit taste bitter.

The oxygen atoms only

The nitrogen atom only

Both the nitrogen and oxygen atoms

Neither; the ion is only a catalyst

Water

Magnesium

Nitrate

Carbon

Measuring the total surface area of the leaves

Counting the number of stomata on the leaf surface

Measuring the total dry mass of the plant compared to a control

Calculating the rate of water loss per hour

The veins contain the xylem, which still has some magnesium in transit

The cells near the veins have higher rates of respiration

The veins provide structural support that prevents yellowing

The chloroplasts are only found between the veins