Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.
🔑Concepts
Respiration is the process of exchange of from the atmosphere with produced by the cells, often referred to as breathing.
The mechanism of breathing varies among different groups of animals depending mainly on their habitats and levels of organisation.
Lower invertebrates like sponges, coelenterates, and flatworms exchange with by simple diffusion over their entire body surface.
Earthworms use their moist cuticle ( respiration) for the exchange of gases.
Insects have a network of tubes called tracheal tubes to transport atmospheric air within the body.
Special vascularised structures called gills ( respiration) are used by most of the aquatic arthropods and molluscs.
Vascularised bags called lungs ( respiration) are used by the terrestrial forms for the exchange of gases.
Among vertebrates, fishes use gills whereas reptiles, birds, and mammals respire through lungs.
Amphibians like frogs can respire through their moist skin ( respiration) as well as lungs.
📐Formulae
syntax for aerobic respiration
💡Examples
Problem 1:
Identify the respiratory organs in the following animals: (i) Prawn (ii) Cockroach (iii) Frog (iv) Earthworm.
Solution:
(i) Gills (ii) Tracheal tubes (iii) Lungs and Moist Skin (iv) Moist Cuticle
Explanation:
Prawns are aquatic arthropods and use gills. Cockroaches utilize a tracheal system. Frogs are amphibians capable of both pulmonary and cutaneous respiration. Earthworms perform gas exchange through their skin surface.
Problem 2:
Why do mammals have a more complex respiratory system (lungs) compared to sponges?
Solution:
Mammals have high metabolic demands and a large body volume-to-surface area ratio, requiring efficient respiration.
Explanation:
In sponges, the body organization is simple (cellular level), and most cells are in direct contact with water, allowing simple diffusion. Mammals require specialized vascularized lungs to transport to deep-seated tissues.