Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.
🔑Concepts
Health is defined by the WHO as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Diseases are broadly classified into Communicable (Infectious) and Non-communicable (Degenerative, Deficiency, or Genetic).
Pathogens are disease-causing microorganisms including Bacteria (e.g., ), Viruses (e.g., ), Protozoa (e.g., ), and Fungi.
Modes of transmission include Direct contact, Droplet infection (e.g., ), and Indirect transmission via Vectors like the female mosquito for Malaria.
Bacterial diseases often treated with antibiotics include Typhoid (caused by ) and Cholera (caused by ).
Viral diseases like AIDS are caused by (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), which attacks the -lymphocytes of the immune system.
First Aid follows the rule: for Airway (clear the passage), for Breathing (check for respiration), and for Circulation (check pulse/heartbeat).
Vaccination provides artificial active immunity by introducing weakened or killed pathogens to stimulate the production of antibodies.
📐Formulae
💡Examples
Problem 1:
Identify the pathogen and the vector responsible for the transmission of Malaria.
Solution:
Pathogen: (a protozoan); Vector: Female mosquito.
Explanation:
The mosquito acts as a biological vector, carrying the parasite from an infected person to a healthy person through a bite.
Problem 2:
A person is suffering from severe dehydration due to vomiting and diarrhea (Cholera symptoms). What immediate first aid should be administered?
Solution:
Administer (Oral Rehydration Solution) at frequent intervals.
Explanation:
Cholera caused by leads to rapid loss of water and electrolytes (, , ). helps restore the osmotic balance in the body.
Problem 3:
Explain the first aid procedure for a minor thermal burn on the hand.
Solution:
Hold the burnt area under cool running for at least minutes.
Explanation:
Cooling the area stops the burning process, reduces (temperature) of the tissues, and alleviates pain. Do not apply ice directly as it may cause frostbite to damaged tissues.