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Improvement in Food Resources - Animal Husbandry (Cattle, Poultry, Fish, Bee-keeping)

Grade 9CBSE

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

🔑Concepts

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Animal Husbandry: The scientific management of animal livestock, encompassing feeding, breeding, and disease control to increase production.

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Cattle Farming: Focused on two goals—Milk production (Milch animals) and Agricultural labor (Draught animals). Bos indicusBos\ indicus (cows) and Bos bubalisBos\ bubalis (buffaloes) are the primary species.

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Lactation Period: The duration of milk production after the birth of a calf. Milk yield can be increased by increasing the lactation period through cross-breeding exotic breeds (e.g., Jersey, Brown Swiss) with local breeds (e.g., Red Sindhi, Sahiwal).

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Cattle Feed: Consists of Roughage (largely fiber) and Concentrates (low fiber, high levels of proteins and other nutrients).

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Poultry Farming: Aimed at producing eggs (Layers) and meat (Broilers). Key traits for improvement include Dwarf broiler parentDwarf\ broiler\ parent for commercial chick production and tolerance to high temperatures.

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Fish Production: Includes Capture fishery (from natural resources) and Culture fishery (fish farming). Marine fisheries focus on PampretPampret, MackerelMackerel, and TunaTuna, while Inland fisheries use freshwater and brackish water.

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Composite Fish Culture: A system where 5 or 6 fish species are grown in a single pond. Species are selected such that they do not compete for food. Examples: CatlaCatla (surface feeders), RohuRohu (middle zone), MrigalMrigal and Common CarpsCommon\ Carps (bottom feeders).

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Bee-keeping (Apiculture): Commercial honey production. Apis melliferaApis\ mellifera (Italian bee) is commonly used because of its high honey collection capacity and its ability to stay in a beehive for long periods.

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Pasturage: The flowers available to the bees for nectar and pollen collection. The quality and quantity of pasturage determines the taste and quality of honey.

📐Formulae

Total Yield=Yield per animal×Number of animals\text{Total Yield} = \text{Yield per animal} \times \text{Number of animals}

Milk Production∝Lactation Period\text{Milk Production} \propto \text{Lactation Period}

Productivity in Apiculture=f(Pasturage Quality, Bee Species)\text{Productivity in Apiculture} = f(\text{Pasturage Quality, Bee Species})

💡Examples

Problem 1:

A farmer wants to start a composite fish culture. He selects CatlaCatla, RohuRohu, and Common CarpCommon\ Carp. Explain how these three will utilize the pond resources efficiently.

Solution:

The species will occupy different zones: CatlaCatla are surface feeders, RohuRohu feed in the middle zone, and Common CarpCommon\ Carp are bottom feeders.

Explanation:

Because they have different feeding habits, they do not compete for food (Competition≈0Competition \approx 0), ensuring maximum survival and yield within the same pond volume.

Problem 2:

Which cattle breed would you suggest for a farm that requires high disease resistance and long lactation periods?

Solution:

A cross-breed between a local breed (like Red SindhiRed\ Sindhi) and an exotic breed (like JerseyJersey).

Explanation:

Local breeds provide high disease resistance, while exotic breeds are known for their extended lactation periods. Their hybrid combines both desirable traits.

Problem 3:

Compare the nutritional requirements of Broilers and Layers.

Solution:

Broilers require vitamin-rich feed (especially Vitamins AA and KK) with high protein and fat for fast growth. Layers require enough space and lighting but less fat-intensive feed compared to broilers.

Explanation:

Broilers are raised for meat, necessitating rapid muscle and tissue development, whereas Layers are managed for egg production over a longer lifespan.