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Biology - Food Production (Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Organic Farming)

Grade 8ICSE

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

🔑Concepts

Agriculture is the practice of cultivating plants and rearing animals for food, fiber, and other products. Crops are classified into KharifKharif (sown in June/July, e.g., Paddy) and RabiRabi (sown in October/November, e.g., Wheat).

Soil preparation involves ploughing (loosening soil) and levelling. Soil fertility is maintained using Manure (organic) and Fertilizers (chemical inorganic salts containing NN, PP, and KK).

Nitrogen Fixation is the process where atmospheric N2N_2 is converted into nitrogenous compounds like nitrates (NO3NO_3^-) by bacteria such as RhizobiumRhizobium found in the root nodules of leguminous plants.

Irrigation methods include traditional methods and modern techniques like Drip irrigation and Sprinkler systems to conserve H2OH_2O.

Animal Husbandry includes the breeding, feeding, and weeding of livestock. Major branches include Apiculture (honey bees), Sericulture (silkworms), Pisciculture (fish), and Poultry (birds).

Organic Farming is a technique that avoids the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides (DDTDDT, etc.) and focuses on the use of BioBio-fertilizersfertilizers, crop rotation, and green manure.

The Green Revolution in India led to a massive increase in food grain production due to the use of High Yielding Variety (HYVHYV) seeds and modern irrigation.

📐Formulae

6CO2+6H2OChlorophyll, SunlightC6H12O6+6O26CO_2 + 6H_2O \xrightarrow{\text{Chlorophyll, Sunlight}} C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2

Urea (Nitrogenous Fertilizer):CO(NH2)2\text{Urea (Nitrogenous Fertilizer)}: CO(NH_2)_2

Ammonium Nitrate:NH4NO3\text{Ammonium Nitrate}: NH_4NO_3

Potassium Sulphate:K2SO4\text{Potassium Sulphate}: K_2SO_4

Ammonium Phosphate:(NH4)3PO4\text{Ammonium Phosphate}: (NH_4)_3PO_4

💡Examples

Problem 1:

Explain why leguminous plants are often grown in crop rotation to improve soil quality.

Solution:

Leguminous plants contain RhizobiumRhizobium bacteria in their root nodules which fix atmospheric N2N_2 into nitrates.

Explanation:

Nitrogen is essential for plant growth but plants cannot absorb N2N_2 gas directly. The bacteria convert it into a soluble form (NO3NO_3^-) which enriches the soil naturally without the need for chemical NPKNPK fertilizers.

Problem 2:

Identify the chemical components of a common fertilizer labeled as NPKNPK.

Solution:

The components are Nitrogen (NN), Phosphorus (PP), and Potassium (KK).

Explanation:

These three elements are macronutrients required in large quantities by plants for vegetative growth, root development, and disease resistance respectively.

Food Production (Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Organic Farming) Revision - Class 8 Science ICSE