Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.
🔑Concepts
Secondary Sexual Characteristics: These are physical features that appear during puberty which help distinguish a male from a female. They are controlled by hormones produced by the endocrine system.
Role of Hormones: The changes at adolescence are controlled by chemical substances called hormones. The male hormone is secreted by the testes, and the female hormone is secreted by the ovaries.
Changes in Males: These include the growth of facial hair (beard and moustaches), deepening of the voice, and the development of the (Adam's Apple).
Changes in Females: These include the development of mammary glands (breasts), broadening of the pelvic region (hips), and the start of the menstrual cycle.
Endocrine Glands: The (master gland) secretes hormones that stimulate the testes and ovaries to produce and respectively.
Sweat and Sebaceous Glands: Increased activity of these glands during adolescence often leads to the occurrence of acne and pimples in young people.
📐Formulae
💡Examples
Problem 1:
A boy is years old and is tall. At the end of the growth period, he is expected to be of his full height. Calculate his probable full height.
Solution:
Explanation:
Using the formula for full height, we divide the current height by the percentage of growth completed at that specific age and multiply by to predict the final adult height.
Problem 2:
Identify the hormone responsible for the following changes: (a) Deepening of voice in boys, (b) Development of breasts in girls.
Solution:
(a) , (b)
Explanation:
is the primary male sex hormone produced by the testes, while is the primary female sex hormone produced by the ovaries, both triggered by the .