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Health and Hygiene - Precautions and Treatments

Grade 7ICSE

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

🔑Concepts

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Definition of Health: A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease.

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Communicable Diseases: Diseases that spread from an infected person to a healthy person through pathogens like BacteriaBacteria, VirusesViruses, FungiFungi, or ProtozoaProtozoa.

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Non-communicable Diseases: Diseases that do not spread from person to person, often caused by nutritional deficiencies (e.g., ScurvyScurvy due to lack of Vitamin CVitamin \: C) or lifestyle factors.

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Modes of Transmission: Pathogens can be transmitted through air (droplet infection), contaminated food and H2OH_2O, direct contact, or vectors like mosquitoes (AnophelesAnopheles for Malaria).

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Vaccination and Immunization: The process of introducing a vaccine into the body to produce immunity against a specific disease. Vaccines contain weakened or dead MicrobesMicrobes.

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Antibiotics: Chemical substances produced by certain MicrobesMicrobes that can kill or inhibit the growth of other harmful BacteriaBacteria. Note: AntibioticsAntibiotics are ineffective against VirusesViruses.

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Pulse Rate: The number of heartbeats per minute. The average resting pulse rate for an adult is 70−8070 - 80 beats per minute.

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Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS): A mixture used to treat dehydration, especially during diarrhea. It restores electrolytes and H2OH_2O balance in the body.

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First Aid: The immediate assistance given to any person suffering from either a minor or serious illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life.

📐Formulae

F=(95×C)+32F = \left( \frac{9}{5} \times C \right) + 32

C=59×(F−32)C = \frac{5}{9} \times (F - 32)

BMI=Mass (kg)[Height (m)]2BMI = \frac{\text{Mass (kg)}}{[\text{Height (m)}]^2}

ORS Ratio≈6 tsp Sugar+0.5 tsp Salt+1 Litre H2O\text{ORS Ratio} \approx 6 \text{ tsp Sugar} + 0.5 \text{ tsp Salt} + 1 \text{ Litre } H_2O

💡Examples

Problem 1:

A patient has a body temperature of 40∘C40^\circ C. Convert this temperature into degrees Fahrenheit (∘F^\circ F) to check if they have a high fever.

Solution:

Using the formula F=(95×C)+32F = (\frac{9}{5} \times C) + 32, we substitute C=40C = 40: F=(95×40)+32F = (\frac{9}{5} \times 40) + 32 F=(9×8)+32F = (9 \times 8) + 32 F=72+32=104∘FF = 72 + 32 = 104^\circ F.

Explanation:

The patient's temperature is 104∘F104^\circ F, which indicates a high fever as the normal body temperature is approximately 98.6∘F98.6^\circ F (37∘C37^\circ C).

Problem 2:

Identify the causal organism and the vector for the disease Malaria.

Solution:

Causal Organism: PlasmodiumPlasmodium (a protozoan). Vector: Female AnophelesAnopheles mosquito.

Explanation:

The mosquito acts as a carrier (vector) that transfers the PlasmodiumPlasmodium parasite from an infected person to a healthy person during a blood meal.

Problem 3:

A person weighs 70 kg70 \text{ kg} and has a height of 1.75 m1.75 \text{ m}. Calculate their Body Mass Index (BMIBMI).

Solution:

BMI=70(1.75)2=703.0625≈22.86 kg/m2BMI = \frac{70}{(1.75)^2} = \frac{70}{3.0625} \approx 22.86 \text{ kg/m}^2.

Explanation:

The BMIBMI is calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by the square of the height in meters. A BMIBMI of 22.8622.86 falls within the normal range (18.5−24.918.5 - 24.9).