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Motion and Time - Slow and Fast Motion

Grade 7CBSE

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

🔑Concepts

The motion of an object can be classified as slow or fast by comparing the distance covered by it in a given interval of time.

An object that covers a larger distance in a given time is said to be faster, while an object that covers a smaller distance in the same time is said to be slower.

The most convenient way to find out which of the two or more objects is moving faster is to compare the distance moved by them in a unit time. This quantity is called SpeedSpeed.

Average Speed is defined as the total distance covered divided by the total time taken. In common usage, the term 'speed' usually refers to average speed.

If the speed of an object moving along a straight line keeps changing, its motion is said to be Nonuniform motionNon-uniform\ motion.

If an object moving along a straight line maintains a constant speed, it is said to be in Uniform motionUniform\ motion.

The basic unit of time is the secondsecond (ss) and the basic unit of speed is m/sm/s (metres per second).

Speed can also be expressed in other units such as km/hkm/h (kilometres per hour) or m/minm/min (metres per minute).

📐Formulae

Speed=Total distance coveredTotal time takenSpeed = \frac{\text{Total distance covered}}{\text{Total time taken}}

Distance=Speed×TimeDistance = Speed \times Time

Time=DistanceSpeedTime = \frac{Distance}{Speed}

1 km/h=1000 m3600 s=518 m/s1\ km/h = \frac{1000\ m}{3600\ s} = \frac{5}{18}\ m/s

💡Examples

Problem 1:

A car travels a distance of 200 km200\ km in 4 hours4\ hours. What is the speed of the car?

Solution:

Given: Distance d=200 kmd = 200\ km, Time t=4 ht = 4\ h. Using the formula Speed=DistanceTimeSpeed = \frac{Distance}{Time}, we get Speed=2004=50 km/hSpeed = \frac{200}{4} = 50\ km/h.

Explanation:

The speed of the car is calculated by dividing the total distance by the total time taken, resulting in 50 km/h50\ km/h.

Problem 2:

Comparison of two motions: Object A covers 10 m10\ m in 2 s2\ s, and Object B covers 15 m15\ m in 5 s5\ s. Which one is faster?

Solution:

Speed of Object A: vA=10 m2 s=5 m/sv_A = \frac{10\ m}{2\ s} = 5\ m/s. Speed of Object B: vB=15 m5 s=3 m/sv_B = \frac{15\ m}{5\ s} = 3\ m/s. Since 5 m/s>3 m/s5\ m/s > 3\ m/s, Object A is faster.

Explanation:

By calculating the speed (distance per unit time) for both objects, we can directly compare their rates of motion. Object A has a higher speed, thus it is faster.

Problem 3:

Convert a speed of 72 km/h72\ km/h into m/sm/s.

Solution:

To convert km/hkm/h to m/sm/s, multiply by 518\frac{5}{18}: 72×518=4×5=20 m/s72 \times \frac{5}{18} = 4 \times 5 = 20\ m/s.

Explanation:

Since 1 km=1000 m1\ km = 1000\ m and 1 hour=3600 s1\ hour = 3600\ s, the conversion factor is 10003600\frac{1000}{3600}, which simplifies to 518\frac{5}{18}.

Slow and Fast Motion - Revision Notes & Key Formulas | CBSE Class 7 Science