Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.
🔑Concepts
A Solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances where the components are uniformly distributed.
The Solute is the substance that is dissolved in a liquid. It is usually present in a smaller quantity (e.g., salt or sugar ).
The Solvent is the substance (usually a liquid) in which the solute dissolves. It is usually present in a larger quantity.
Water () is known as the Universal Solvent because it can dissolve a wide variety of substances.
A Saturated Solution is one in which no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature.
An Unsaturated Solution is a solution where more solute can still be dissolved at the same temperature.
The Solubility of most solid solutes increases as the temperature of the solvent increases.
In a gaseous solution like air, Nitrogen () is the solvent (about ) and Oxygen () and other gases are the solutes.
📐Formulae
💡Examples
Problem 1:
If of common salt () is dissolved in of water (), identify the solute and solvent, and calculate the total mass of the solution.
Solution:
Solute = Salt (); Solvent = Water (); Total Mass = .
Explanation:
Since salt is being dissolved, it is the solute. Water is the medium of dissolution, so it is the solvent. The total mass is the sum: .
Problem 2:
A student adds sugar () to a glass of water until no more sugar dissolves at the bottom. What kind of solution has been formed?
Solution:
A Saturated Solution.
Explanation:
When a solvent has reached the limit of how much solute it can hold at a specific temperature, it is called a saturated solution.
Problem 3:
In a soda drink, bubbles of Carbon Dioxide () are seen. Identify the solute and solvent in this case.
Solution:
Solute = Carbon Dioxide (); Solvent = Water ().
Explanation:
Solutions are not always solids in liquids. In carbonated drinks, a gas () is the solute dissolved in a liquid solvent (water).