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Diversity in the Living World - Habitats and Adaptations

Grade 6CBSE

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

🔑Concepts

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Habitat: The specific environment where an organism lives, providing it with food, water, air, and shelter. Habitats are divided into Biotic (living things like plants, animals, and microorganisms) and Abiotic (non-living factors like soil, rocks, air, water, lightlight, and temperaturetemperature).

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Adaptation: The presence of specific features or certain habits which allow a plant or an animal to live naturally in its surroundings. Adaptations are long-term genetic changes, whereas Acclimatization refers to small changes in an individual organism over a short period to overcome local environmental changes.

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Terrestrial Habitats: These include Deserts, Mountains, and Grasslands. Desert plants minimize water loss through transpirationtranspiration by having leaves reduced to spines. Mountain trees are often cone-shaped with sloping branches to allow snowsnow to slide off easily.

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Aquatic Habitats: Include Oceans and Ponds. Organisms like fish have streamlined bodies and gills to use O2O_2 dissolved in H2OH_2O. Aquatic plants may have narrow, ribbon-like leaves to withstand water currents without tearing.

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Characteristics of Living Beings: All living organisms share common features: they need food (nutrition), show growth, undergo respiration (exchange of O2O_2 and CO2CO_2), respond to stimuli, excrete waste, reproduce, and move.

📐Formulae

Respiration Process: C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+Energy\text{Respiration Process: } C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{Energy}

Photosynthesis: 6CO2+6H2O→LightC6H12O6+6O2\text{Photosynthesis: } 6CO_2 + 6H_2O \xrightarrow{\text{Light}} C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2

Transpiration Rate∝1Humidity (low levels of H2O vapor)\text{Transpiration Rate} \propto \frac{1}{\text{Humidity (low levels of } H_2O \text{ vapor)}}

💡Examples

Problem 1:

How does a Camel's body adapt to the extreme heat and scarcity of H2OH_2O in the desert?

Solution:

Camels have long legs, excrete small amounts of urine, and their dung is dry.

Explanation:

The long legs keep the body away from the heat of the sand. They do not sweat and lose very little H2OH_2O through excretion, allowing them to survive for many days without drinking water.

Problem 2:

Why do submerged aquatic plants have highly divided or ribbon-like leaves?

Solution:

To allow H2OH_2O to flow through them easily.

Explanation:

In submerged plants, ribbon-like leaves can bend in the moving water of a stream or pond without being damaged, facilitating the exchange of dissolved O2O_2 and CO2CO_2 while maintaining structural integrity.

Problem 3:

Differentiate between Respiration and Breathing in terms of gas exchange.

Solution:

Breathing is the physical act; Respiration is the chemical process producing EnergyEnergy.

Explanation:

Breathing involves inhaling O2O_2 and exhaling CO2CO_2. Respiration is the process where cells use O2O_2 to break down food to release energy, producing CO2CO_2 and H2OH_2O as byproducts.