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Animal Life - Migration and Hibernation

Grade 5ICSE

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

🔑Concepts

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Migration is the seasonal movement of animals from one region to another to escape harsh weather, search for food, or reach breeding grounds. For example, the Arctic Tern travels a distance of approximately 17,000 km17,000 \text{ km} twice a year.

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Hibernation, also known as 'winter sleep,' is a state of deep inactivity where animals conserve energy during cold months when food is scarce. During this period, the body temperature drops significantly, sometimes reaching near 0∘C0^{\circ}C.

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Metabolic changes during hibernation include a drastic reduction in heart rate and breathing. For instance, a squirrel's heart rate might drop from 300300 beats per minute to just 55 beats per minute.

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Aestivation is 'summer sleep,' where animals like snails or lungfish go into a state of dormancy to escape extreme heat and prevent water loss (desiccation) during droughts.

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Animals like the Monarch Butterfly migrate nearly 4,000 km4,000 \text{ km} from Canada to Mexico. They use environmental cues and the earth's magnetic field for navigation.

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Survival depends on the accumulation of body fat before the winter season, which serves as an energy reserve (EstoredE_{stored}) during the dormant phase.

📐Formulae

ΔTbody=Tactive−Thibernation\Delta T_{body} = T_{active} - T_{hibernation}

Total Migration Distance≈One-way distance×2\text{Total Migration Distance} \approx \text{One-way distance} \times 2

Metabolic Ratehibernation<Metabolic Rateactive\text{Metabolic Rate}_{hibernation} < \text{Metabolic Rate}_{active}

💡Examples

Problem 1:

An Arctic Tern travels approximately 17,000 km17,000 \text{ km} to reach its destination and then returns. Calculate the total distance covered in one full cycle.

Solution:

17,000 km×2=34,000 km17,000 \text{ km} \times 2 = 34,000 \text{ km}

Explanation:

Migration involves a two-way journey: one to the warmer region and one back to the original habitat when the season changes.

Problem 2:

If a hibernating animal's normal body temperature is 38∘C38^{\circ}C and it drops to 4∘C4^{\circ}C during hibernation, what is the change in temperature ΔT\Delta T?

Solution:

ΔT=38∘C−4∘C=34∘C\Delta T = 38^{\circ}C - 4^{\circ}C = 34^{\circ}C

Explanation:

Hibernating animals significantly lower their body temperature to reduce the energy required to stay alive while sleeping through the winter.

Problem 3:

Identify the behavior: A frog buries itself in the mud at the bottom of a pond during a very dry, hot summer.

Solution:

Aestivation

Explanation:

Aestivation is the process where animals become dormant during hot and dry periods to conserve water and stay cool, unlike hibernation which happens in winter.