Forces and Energy - Forms of Energy (Heat, Light, Sound, Electrical)

Heat (Thermal Energy) is the energy generated by the motion of atoms and molecules. It always flows from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature until thermal equilibrium is reached, often measured in degrees Celsius ($^\circ C$)

Light Energy is a form of electromagnetic radiation that can be seen by the human eye. It travels in straight lines (rays) and does not require a medium. The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately $c \approx 3 \times 10^8 \text{ m/s}$

Sound Energy is produced by vibrations that travel through a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) as longitudinal waves. The number of vibrations per second is the frequency ($f$), measured in Hertz ($Hz$)

Electrical Energy is the energy resulting from the flow of electric charge (electrons). The flow of charge per unit of time is called current ($I$)

The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. For example, a toaster converts electrical energy into thermal energy ($E_{electrical} \rightarrow E_{thermal}$)