Earth and Space - The Water Cycle and Weather Patterns

The Water Cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth through various states of $H_2O$.

Evaporation is the process where liquid water ($H_2O_{(l)}$) absorbs solar energy and transforms into water vapor ($H_2O_{(g)}$).

Transpiration is a biological process where plants release water vapor ($H_2O_{(g)}$) into the atmosphere through small pores in their leaves called stomata.

Condensation occurs when water vapor ($H_2O_{(g)}$) loses thermal energy and cools down to form liquid water droplets ($H_2O_{(l)}$), which cluster together to form clouds.

Precipitation is the product of condensation that falls under gravity, including rain, snow ($H_2O_{(s)}$), sleet, or hail.

Weather patterns are influenced by the interaction of solar radiation, the atmosphere, and the water cycle, measured by variables like temperature ($T$), air pressure ($P$), and humidity.

Air Pressure is the weight of the atmosphere pressing down on Earth. Changes in pressure often indicate changes in weather; for example, low pressure often brings clouds and precipitation.

Humidity is the amount of water vapor present in the air. Relative humidity is expressed as a percentage ($$) of the maximum amount of moisture the air can hold at a specific temperature.