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The Journey of Food: Tasting to Digestion - Balanced Diet and Proper Nutrition

Grade 5CBSE

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

🔑Concepts

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The tongue helps in tasting food using taste buds; it can sense four primary tastes: Sweet, Salty, Sour, and Bitter.

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Digestion begins in the mouth where saliva, containing enzymes, starts breaking down complex starch into simple sugars.

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The food pipe (Oesophagus) carries food from the mouth to the stomach through a wave-like motion called peristalsis.

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The stomach is a bag-like organ that churns food with gastric juices and Hydrochloric Acid (HClHCl) to break down proteins.

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The Small Intestine is the longest part of the alimentary canal where final digestion and absorption of nutrients into the blood occur.

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The Large Intestine absorbs H2OH_2O and minerals from the undigested food before it is excreted.

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A Balanced Diet contains the right proportions of Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals, Roughage, and H2OH_2O.

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Glucose (C6H12O6C_6H_{12}O_6) is the simplest form of sugar that provides instant energy to the body, often given as a 'glucose drip' to weak patients.

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Oral Rehydration Solution (ORSORS) is a mixture of sugar and salt (NaClNaCl) in water used to prevent dehydration.

📐Formulae

C6H12O6 (Glucose)C_6H_{12}O_6 \text{ (Glucose)}

H2O (Water)H_2O \text{ (Water)}

HCl (Hydrochloric Acid found in stomach)HCl \text{ (Hydrochloric Acid found in stomach)}

NaCl (Sodium Chloride / Common Salt used in ORS)NaCl \text{ (Sodium Chloride / Common Salt used in ORS)}

C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+Energy (Process of releasing energy from food)C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{Energy} \text{ (Process of releasing energy from food)}

💡Examples

Problem 1:

Why does a piece of plain bread start tasting sweet after we chew it for a while?

Solution:

The action of Salivary Amylase on starch.

Explanation:

Saliva contains an enzyme that breaks down the complex starch present in bread into simpler sugars. Since sugar tastes sweet, the bread begins to taste sweet as it is chewed and mixed with saliva.

Problem 2:

If a person is suffering from loose motions and vomiting, they lose a lot of water. What should be given to them immediately?

Solution:

Oral Rehydration Solution (ORSORS).

Explanation:

To restore the balance of fluids and electrolytes like NaClNaCl and glucose in the body, a solution of sugar and salt in boiled H2OH_2O is administered to prevent dehydration.

Problem 3:

Calculate the total energy stored if 1 gram of carbohydrate provides 4 kcal4 \text{ kcal} and 1 gram of fat provides 9 kcal9 \text{ kcal}. How much energy is in a snack with 10g10g of carbohydrates and 5g5g of fat?

Solution:

Total Energy = (10×4)+(5×9)=40+45=85 kcal(10 \times 4) + (5 \times 9) = 40 + 45 = 85 \text{ kcal}.

Explanation:

Carbohydrates and fats are energy-giving foods. Fats provide more than double the energy per gram compared to carbohydrates (9>49 > 4).

Balanced Diet and Proper Nutrition - Revision Notes & Key Formulas | CBSE Class 5 Science