Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.
🔑Concepts
The Earth is not a perfect sphere but an oblate spheroid, slightly flattened at the poles and bulging at the Equator.
A Globe is a three-dimensional miniature model of the Earth that represents the continents, oceans, and countries in their correct relative size and location.
Latitudes are imaginary horizontal lines running parallel to the Equator. The Equator is the longest latitude, designated as .
Important Latitudes include the Tropic of Cancer at , the Tropic of Capricorn at , the Arctic Circle at , and the Antarctic Circle at .
Longitudes (Meridians) are imaginary vertical semi-circles running from the North Pole to the South Pole. The Prime Meridian is at .
The Earth rotates on its axis from West to East, completing one rotation in approximately hours, which causes day and night.
The Earth revolves around the Sun in a fixed elliptical orbit, taking days to complete one revolution, leading to the change of seasons.
Gravity is the invisible force that pulls all objects toward the center of the Earth. It is because of gravity that we stay grounded and the atmosphere remains attached to the planet.
📐Formulae
💡Examples
Problem 1:
If it is at the Prime Meridian (), what will be the time at a place located at ?
Solution:
The time will be .
Explanation:
Since the Earth rotates in hours, equals minutes. For , the difference is minutes, or hour. Because the location is East, we add the time: .
Problem 2:
An object has a mass of . What is its approximate weight on Earth?
Solution:
Explanation:
Weight () is the force of gravity acting on an object. It is calculated using the formula . Given and , the weight is Newtons ().
Problem 3:
Identify the coordinates of the North Pole and the South Pole.
Solution:
North Pole: , South Pole: .
Explanation:
Latitudes are measured from at the Equator to at the poles. The direction North () or South () indicates the hemisphere.