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Matter and Materials - Properties of Matter

Grade 4ICSE

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

🔑Concepts

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Matter is defined as anything that has mass and occupies space (volume).

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Matter is made up of very tiny particles called molecules. These molecules are so small they cannot be seen with the naked eye.

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Solids: Molecules are very closely packed. They have a definite shape and a definite volume. For example, a wooden block.

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Liquids: Molecules are less closely packed than in solids. They have a definite volume but no definite shape, taking the shape of the container. For example, H2OH_2O (water).

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Gases: Molecules are very far apart with large spaces between them. They have neither a definite shape nor a definite volume. They fill the entire space available to them.

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The space occupied by an object is called its Volume (VV), and the quantity of matter contained in it is called its Mass (mm).

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Change of State: Matter can change from one state to another on heating or cooling. For example, Ice→MeltingWater→EvaporationSteamIce \xrightarrow{Melting} Water \xrightarrow{Evaporation} Steam.

📐Formulae

Mass=Density×VolumeMass = Density \times Volume

Volume=length×breadth×heightVolume = length \times breadth \times height

Density=MassVolumeDensity = \frac{Mass}{Volume}

Solid←FreezingLiquid←CondensationGasSolid \xleftarrow{Freezing} Liquid \xleftarrow{Condensation} Gas

💡Examples

Problem 1:

A wooden block has a mass of 500500 gg and occupies a space of 100100 cm3cm^3. What property of matter does the 100100 cm3cm^3 represent?

Solution:

Volume (VV)

Explanation:

The space occupied by any object is known as its volume. In this case, the wooden block occupies 100100 cm3cm^3 of space, which is its volume.

Problem 2:

Why can we smell a perfume sprayed in one corner of a room from the other side?

Solution:

Diffusion of Gas

Explanation:

Perfume is a gas, and gas molecules move very fast in all directions because there is a lot of space between them. This movement allows the scent to spread or diffuse throughout the room.

Problem 3:

What happens to the molecules of water when it turns into ice at 0∘C0^{\circ}C?

Solution:

Molecules come closer and move slower.

Explanation:

During freezing (liquid to solid), energy is removed. The molecules of H2OH_2O lose energy, slow down, and settle into a fixed, closely packed arrangement.