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The Amazing World of Solutes, Solvents, and Solutions - States of Matter: Solids, Liquids, and Gases

Grade 4CBSE

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

🔑Concepts

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Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. It exists in three main states: Solids, Liquids, and Gases.

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Solids have a fixed shape and volume because their molecules are very tightly packed. Liquids have a fixed volume but no fixed shape, as their molecules are loosely packed. Gases have neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume because their molecules are very far apart.

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A SoluteSolute is a substance (usually a solid) that dissolves in a liquid. For example, Salt or Sugar.

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A SolventSolvent is the liquid in which a solute dissolves. Water is often called the 'Universal Solvent' because it can dissolve many substances.

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A SolutionSolution is the uniform mixture formed when a solute dissolves completely in a solvent. The process is represented as Solute+Solvent=SolutionSolute + Solvent = Solution.

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Substances that dissolve in water are called SolubleSoluble substances, while those that do not dissolve are called InsolubleInsoluble substances (like sand or oil).

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Miscible liquids are those that mix completely with each other (like milk and water), while Immiscible liquids do not mix (like oil and water).

📐Formulae

Solute+Solvent→SolutionSolute + Solvent \rightarrow Solution

Water=H2OWater = H_2O

Common Salt=NaClCommon \space Salt = NaCl

Sugar (Sucrose)=C12H22O11Sugar \space (Sucrose) = C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}

💡Examples

Problem 1:

Identify the solute and solvent when you mix 5g5g of sugar in a glass of water to make a sweet drink.

Solution:

Solute = Sugar; Solvent = Water.

Explanation:

In this mixture, sugar is the substance being dissolved, so it is the solutesolute. Water is the liquid doing the dissolving, so it is the solventsolvent.

Problem 2:

What happens to the volume of water when you dissolve two spoons of salt in it? Does it increase significantly?

Solution:

The volume of the water does not increase significantly.

Explanation:

The molecules of the solutesolute (salt) occupy the empty spaces between the molecules of the solventsolvent (water). Therefore, the overall volume remains almost the same.

Problem 3:

Classify the following as Soluble or Insoluble in water: (a) Sand, (b) Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4KMnO_4), (c) Chalk powder.

Solution:

(a) Insoluble, (b) Soluble, (c) Insoluble.

Explanation:

Sand and chalk powder do not disappear in water and settle at the bottom, making them insolubleinsoluble. Potassium Permanganate dissolves completely, coloring the water purple, making it solublesoluble.