The Amazing World of Solutes, Solvents, and Solutions - States of Matter: Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.
🔑Concepts
Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. It exists in three main states: Solids, Liquids, and Gases.
Solids have a fixed shape and volume because their molecules are very tightly packed. Liquids have a fixed volume but no fixed shape, as their molecules are loosely packed. Gases have neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume because their molecules are very far apart.
A is a substance (usually a solid) that dissolves in a liquid. For example, Salt or Sugar.
A is the liquid in which a solute dissolves. Water is often called the 'Universal Solvent' because it can dissolve many substances.
A is the uniform mixture formed when a solute dissolves completely in a solvent. The process is represented as .
Substances that dissolve in water are called substances, while those that do not dissolve are called substances (like sand or oil).
Miscible liquids are those that mix completely with each other (like milk and water), while Immiscible liquids do not mix (like oil and water).
📐Formulae
💡Examples
Problem 1:
Identify the solute and solvent when you mix of sugar in a glass of water to make a sweet drink.
Solution:
Solute = Sugar; Solvent = Water.
Explanation:
In this mixture, sugar is the substance being dissolved, so it is the . Water is the liquid doing the dissolving, so it is the .
Problem 2:
What happens to the volume of water when you dissolve two spoons of salt in it? Does it increase significantly?
Solution:
The volume of the water does not increase significantly.
Explanation:
The molecules of the (salt) occupy the empty spaces between the molecules of the (water). Therefore, the overall volume remains almost the same.
Problem 3:
Classify the following as Soluble or Insoluble in water: (a) Sand, (b) Potassium Permanganate (), (c) Chalk powder.
Solution:
(a) Insoluble, (b) Soluble, (c) Insoluble.
Explanation:
Sand and chalk powder do not disappear in water and settle at the bottom, making them . Potassium Permanganate dissolves completely, coloring the water purple, making it .