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Forces and Motion - Gravity basics

Grade 3IGCSE

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

🔑Concepts

Gravity is a non-contact force that pulls objects toward each other. On Earth, gravity pulls everything toward the center of the planet, which we see as 'down'.

Mass is the amount of matter (or 'stuff') inside an object. It is measured in kilograms (kgkg) or grams (gg). Mass stays the same no matter where you are in the universe.

Weight is a measure of the pull of gravity on an object. Because weight is a force, it is measured in Newtons (NN).

The strength of gravity on Earth is approximately 10N/kg10 \, N/kg. This means that for every 1kg1 \, kg of mass, Earth pulls with 10N10 \, N of force.

Air resistance is a force that acts in the opposite direction to gravity when an object falls through the air, slowing it down.

📐Formulae

Weight(N)=Mass(kg)×Gravity(N/kg)Weight \, (N) = Mass \, (kg) \times Gravity \, (N/kg),

W=m×gW = m \times g

💡Examples

Problem 1:

An apple has a mass of 0.1kg0.1 \, kg. Calculate its weight on Earth where gravity is 10N/kg10 \, N/kg.

Solution:

0.1kg×10N/kg=1N0.1 \, kg \times 10 \, N/kg = 1 \, N

Explanation:

To find the weight, we multiply the mass of the apple (0.1kg0.1 \, kg) by the Earth's gravitational pull (10N/kg10 \, N/kg). The result is 11 Newton.

Problem 2:

If a toy car has a mass of 2kg2 \, kg, what would its weight be on Earth?

Solution:

2kg×10N/kg=20N2 \, kg \times 10 \, N/kg = 20 \, N

Explanation:

Using the formula W=m×gW = m \times g, we take the mass of 2kg2 \, kg and multiply it by the gravity constant of 10N/kg10 \, N/kg to get 20N20 \, N.

Problem 3:

If you travel to the Moon, where gravity is much weaker than Earth, would your mass of 30kg30 \, kg change?

Solution:

No, the mass remains 30kg30 \, kg.

Explanation:

Mass is the amount of matter in your body and it does not change based on location. However, your weight would decrease because the Moon's gravitational pull is weaker than Earth's.

Gravity basics - Revision Notes & Key Formulas | IGCSE Grade 3 Science