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Soil - Composition of soil

Grade 3ICSE

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

🔑Concepts

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Soil is the uppermost layer of the Earth's surface in which plants grow. It is formed by the process of weathering of rocks.

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The composition of soil includes rock particles of different sizes, such as sand, silt, and clay.

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Humus is a vital part of soil composition. It is the dark, organic matter formed from the remains of dead plants and animals that provides nutrients for H2OH_2O and nutrient absorption by plants.

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Soil contains air trapped between its particles, which is essential for the roots of plants and small organisms to breathe.

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Soil contains moisture or water (H2OH_2O), which is absorbed by the roots of plants for growth.

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Living organisms like earthworms, ants, and bacteria live in the soil and help in making it fertile.

📐Formulae

Soil=Rock Particles+Humus+Air+Water+MicroorganismsSoil = Rock\ Particles + Humus + Air + Water + Microorganisms

Big Rocks→WeatheringSoil ParticlesBig\ Rocks \xrightarrow{Weathering} Soil\ Particles

Humus=Dead Plants+Dead AnimalsHumus = Dead\ Plants + Dead\ Animals

💡Examples

Problem 1:

Explain an experiment to show that soil contains air.

Solution:

Take some dry soil in a glass jar and pour water (H2OH_2O) over it.

Explanation:

When water is poured, you will see bubbles forming. These bubbles are the air that was trapped between the soil particles being displaced by the H2OH_2O molecules.

Problem 2:

What happens when you heat garden soil in a covered tin container?

Solution:

Tiny drops of water (H2OH_2O) will be seen on the underside of the lid.

Explanation:

This proves that soil contains moisture. When heated, the H2OH_2O in the soil turns into water vapor, which then condenses on the cool lid.

Problem 3:

Why is humus considered the most important part of soil for farmers?

Solution:

Humus makes the soil fertile.

Explanation:

Humus contains essential nutrients that plants need to grow healthy and strong. It also improves the soil's ability to hold H2OH_2O.