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Our Universe - Movement of the Earth: Rotation and Revolution

Grade 3ICSE

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

🔑Concepts

The Earth has two types of movements: Rotation and Revolution.

Rotation: The spinning movement of the Earth on its own axis from West to East. The axis is an imaginary line passing through the North and South Poles, tilted at an angle of 23.523.5^\circ.

Rotation causes Day and Night. It takes exactly 2424 hours (or 11 day) to complete one rotation.

Revolution: The movement of the Earth around the Sun in a fixed elliptical path called an Orbit.

Revolution takes approximately 36514365 \frac{1}{4} days to complete, which we call a year. The extra 14\frac{1}{4} day adds up to a full day every 44 years, creating a Leap Year of 366366 days.

The Earth's revolution, along with its tilted axis, causes the change in Seasons (Summer, Winter, Autumn, and Spring).

When a hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun, it experiences Summer; when tilted away, it experiences Winter.

📐Formulae

1 Rotation=24 hours1 \text{ Rotation} = 24 \text{ hours}

1 Revolution=36514 days1 Year1 \text{ Revolution} = 365 \frac{1}{4} \text{ days} \approx 1 \text{ Year}

1 Leap Year=366 days1 \text{ Leap Year} = 366 \text{ days}

💡Examples

Problem 1:

If the Earth stopped rotating but continued to revolve, what would happen to day and night?

Solution:

The cycle of day and night would change drastically.

Explanation:

Because rotation causes the daily cycle of day and night, if it stopped, one side of the Earth would face the Sun for 66 months (constant day) and the other side would be in darkness for 66 months (constant night) as it moves around its orbit.

Problem 2:

How many hours does the Earth take to complete 33 full rotations?

Solution:

24×3=7224 \times 3 = 72 hours.

Explanation:

Since 11 rotation is equal to 2424 hours, we multiply the number of rotations by 2424 to find the total time.

Problem 3:

Why do we have a Leap Year every 44 years?

Solution:

To account for the extra 14\frac{1}{4} day in the Earth's revolution.

Explanation:

The Earth takes 36514365 \frac{1}{4} days to orbit the Sun. We calculate a year as 365365 days. To make up the difference, we add the four quarters: 14+14+14+14=1\frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{4} = 1 full day, which is added to February every 44 years.